Posted on 10/13/2019 10:16:07 PM PDT by Salvation
Thank you, great article done by someone who cared to do the research. It’s funny how the lies are so easily available and still taught in schools.
The people Columbus argued with about the size of the earth were all clergy. At the time, the most educated people were routinely priests.
Also, there was a claim that the Tainos (who inhabited the Caribbean) were extinct but genetic studies showed that wasn’t true. The Spanish made people “extinct” by calling them Spanish (the same thing happened in Mexico).
And, the disease that caused the huge die off shortly after contact was a native hemorrhagic fever that had caused earlier die offs. I would guess Chicken Pox and measles did cause many deaths.
Happy Columbus Day!
LOL. Being Italian, and sailing for the Spanish crown, I don't think he was overly concerned with English rhyming. :-)
This is a keeper... Thanks
The first verified documents about giving infected blankets to the Indians came from a fort that was in the middle of its own smallpox outbreak so they would have had people who could handle the blankets.
But if you use the same logic as the Columbus article it was still 100 years before Pasteur so they wouldn’t have known how to spread that type of infection.
They actually understood the concept of inoculation at that time. Maybe they didn’t quite know why it worked, but they were practicing it. :)
most likely ... unless you believe Howard Zinn ...
Did you read the original post?
Nothing about what you mentioned at all.
Did you read the original article? I think you are mistaken.
Zinn is an America-hating embicile.
**********
And according to Far Left Watch, a watchdog organization, Antifa and other left-wing groups plan to deface and attack Columbus statues across the country on Columbus Day.
It is unfortunate to see what was once a uniting figure—who represented American courage, optimism, and even immigrants—is suddenly in the crosshairs for destruction. We owe it to Columbus and ourselves to be more respectful of the man who made the existence of our country possible.
Once Revered, Now Maligned
A few historians and activists began to attack Columbus’ legacy in the late 20th century. They concocted a new narrative of Columbus as a rapacious pillager and a genocidal maniac.
Far-left historian Howard Zinn, in particular, had a huge impact on changing the minds of a generation of Americans about the Columbus legacy. Zinn not only maligned Columbus, but attacked the larger migration from the Old World to the new that he ushered in.
It wasn’t just Columbus who was a monster, according to Zinn, it was the driving ethos of the civilization that ultimately developed in the wake of his discovery: the United States.
“Behind the English invasion of North America,” Zinn wrote, “behind their massacre of Indians, their deception, their brutality, was that special powerful drive born in civilizations based on private profit.”
The truth is that Columbus set out for the New World thinking he would spread Christianity to regions where it didn’t exist. While Columbus, and certainly his Spanish benefactors, had an interest in the goods and gold he could return from what they thought would be Asia, the explorer’s primary motivation was religious.
“This conviction that God destined him to be an instrument for spreading the faith was far more potent than the desire to win glory, wealth, and worldly honors,” wrote historian Samuel Eliot Morison over a half-century ago.
Honestly... I ended up here in the Religion category by accident and commented before I realized it. I would have never commented had I realized this, I try to stay away from the blind ideology. I am an objective open minded unbiased historian, last place I belong is in this category of bias selective historical narrative.
Please disregard. And I will try harder to not end up here.
Thanks for posting this excellent article.
7
What an ignorant thing for the author to say.
To say the general population of the "Vikings" population where illiterate in their own language(s) to any greater degree than the rest of general population of Europe was illiterate in their own languages, is absurd. [1]
Were the people of Greenland or Iceland illiterate in English or French or Latin? The vast majority, no doubt. Were the Italians, Spaniards, or English illiterate in Norwegian, Swedish or Dutch? The vast majority, no doubt.
If one is to suggest that the "Vikings" where illiterate, one must also suggest that the rest of Europe was illiterate as well. Which means there is no purpose to state the Vikings were illiterate other than in an attempt to subvert history.
Furthermore, to state that the "Vikings" "never wrote about or told others of their travels." is yet another absurdity.
Did they have scripts widely published in Rome about their travels around the 1000's? No, of course not. But Rome, or Paris, or Madrid, or London were not the entirety of the world.
But they never told others? Of course they told others, because others made their own voyages to North America over the ensuing decades. Bjarni Herjólfsson (voyaged from Norway)(is said to not have made landfall) in 986 AD -> Leif Eriksson (from Greenland) in 1000 was the first to make landfall and set up a settlement -> followed by Thorvald Eiriksson (from Greenland) in 1004 and then Thorfinn Karlsefni (from Greenland) in 1009 [2][3][4].
Beginning with Herjólfsson in 986...each group of explorers TOLD their stories to others...who subsequently revisited North America.
As far as relatively recent Europeans go, Leaf Erickson "discovered" North America, Christopher Columbus popularized it.
And for the record...no, I don't think Christopher Columbus Day should be renamed indigenous people's day (see below).
I do, however, think our nation should also celebrate Leif Erickson Day. [5]
Presidential Proclamation on Leif Erikson Day, 2019
======================================================================
Now, if we want our history to be even more complete, we must look further back...much further to the people from the area of what is today France and Spain.
It's a growing theory (though one clearly going against the PC winds), that "Europeans" migrated to the America's thousands of years before the "East Asians" did...and were either killed off by the larger migrating groups from east asia, or were "integrated" into their groups from east asia, occurring either in the America's and/or in far eastern Siberia.
European style stone tools suggest Stone Age people actually discovered America
By Bob Yirka | February 29, 2012
"...Stone tools found recently in Delaware, Maryland and Virginia in the eastern United States, all appear to bear a striking resemblance to tools used by Stone Age peoples in early Europe, and have been dated to a time between 19,000 and 26,000 years ago, a period during which Stone Age people were making such tools, and long before the early Asians arrived.
...The evidence is further bolstered by the recent discovery that an ancient knife found in Virginia in 1971 was made of flint that originated from France.
...Stanford and Bradley also point out the lack of evidence of any human activity in the north-east part of Siberia or in Alaska any earlier than 15,500 years ago. And the reason early Asians won out, evolving into the people now called Native Americans, was because their window of opportunity was much wider, 15,000 years versus just 4500 for the early Europeans. Thus the original Native Americans were either assimilated or killed by the large numbers of migrating Asians. Evidence that it was likely the former has been found in the DNA of skeletons of North American Native American people. Also, the language of several Native American tribes doesn’t seem to have originated from Asia."
https://phys.org/news/2012-02-european-style-stone-tools-age.html
Stone-age Europeans 'were the first to set foot on North America'
By Matthew Day | 4:12PM GMT 28 Feb 2012
https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/howaboutthat/9110838/Stone-age-Europeans-were-the-first-to-set-foot-on-North-America.html
Scientists have unearthed ancient artifacts that are upending the history of mankind
By Dan Conover | June 13, 2012
https://www.charlestoncitypaper.com/charleston/scientists-have-unearthed-ancient-artifacts-that-are-upending-the-history-of-mankind/Content?oid=4092912
Out of Europe
By Dan McLerran | Jun 1, 2013
"...New excavations in the southeastern U.S. and the mid-Atlantic were yielding artifacts dated to pre-Clovis times. Sites like Meadowcroft Rock Shelter in Pennsylvania, Cactus Hill in Virginia, Miles Point and Oyster Cove on the Chesapeake Bay, as well as the offshore Cinmar site, to name but a few, all revealed lithic artifacts arguably dated thousands of years before the oldest Clovis points found across North America. And like the Cinmar point and other points uncovered throughout the eastern U.S. and at underwater locations off the eastern seaboard, the Solutrean assemblages found in Europe, and more specifically southwestern France and northeastern Spain, shared remarkably similar characteristics.
“The majority of the oldest dated sites in the Americas with undisputed artifacts are in the Chesapeake Bay region,” maintains Stanford. “The artifacts from these LGM (the Last Glacial Maximum, between 26,000 and 20,000 years ago) sites are technological and functional equivalents of artifacts from the same period found in southwestern Europe and are not technologically or morphologically related to any east Asian technology."
"Projectile points and their corresponding ages, found at sites in eastern North America. The first artifact on the far left represents a typical point of the Solutrean type, found in Europe. Courtesy Dennis Stanford"
"The LGM ice cover in the North Atlantic at the time when Solutrean peoples are hypothesized to have crossed over from Europe to the Americas. Courtesy Dennis Stanford"
"Map showing the exposed continental shelf along southwestern France and northwestern Spain, with known Solutrean sites. Also shown are concave based points from Spain, representing the types of artifacts of the period that show similarities to the Clovis and pre-Clovis artifacts found in eastern North America. Courtesy Dennis Stanford"
"Distribution of known Solutrean-style laurel leaf biface artifacts in the mid atlantic coastal and continental shelf areas, showing extent of dry land during the LGM. Courtesy Dennis Stanford"
https://popular-archaeology.com/article/out-of-europe/
Ancient DNA Links Native Americans With Europe
Michael Balter | 25 Oct 2013
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/342/6157/409
Interesting!
And I thought the Solutrean Hypothesis was now a dead end.
Pretty good list. Thanks, Salavation!
Incorrect. Columbus DID NOT believe the earth was spherical.
He believed it was pear-shaped. Not slightly pear-shaped (in the Neil DeGrasse Tyson fashion) but prominently pear shaped. Like a Bartlett.
Entry from Columbus' log of his third journey to the New World in 1498:
I found it (the world) was not round . . . but pear shaped, round where it has a nipple, for there it is taller, or as if one had a round ball and, on one side, it should be like a woman’s breast, and this nipple part is the highest and closest to Heaven.Columbus greatest error (in terms of sailing miles required) was not in underestimating the size of the earth but in trusting in the accounts of Marco Polo. Polo exaggerated the breadth of Asia by about 5000 miles to make the scale of his journeys seem all the more daunting and heroic. Had indeed Asia extended 5000 miles further to the east, it would indeed have been within the sailing range of a late 15th Century Spanish caravel.
I read somewhere that Columbus in his career had traveled to Iceland where he probably encountered stories maybe even former residents of Vinland. Also he had encounters with Basque cod fishermen who very likely had already been along the Canadian Atlantic coast following the cod run.
It is interesting that Catholic thinkers (whom you accuse of blind ideology) created the Magna Carta, the ur-document of Constitional Law. Its principal author and negotiator was Stephen Langton, Catholic Archbishop of Canterbury between 1207 and 1228.
The movable type printing press was invented by Catholic Johannes Gutenberg was the first book printed on it was the Catholic Bible.
Patent law and the development of the Sciences (both theoretical and practical) progressed in the High Middle Ages, which gave us the first Universities in the world.
The first Universities in the world:
University of Bologna,est. 1088, Catholic.
University ff Oxford, est. 1096, Catholic.
University of Salamanca, est. 1134, Catholic.
University of Paris, est. 1166, Catholic.
University of Cambridge, est. 1239, Catholic.
University of Padua, esp. 122, Catholic.
University of Naples, est. 1224,Catholic.
University of Siena, xt. 1240, Catholic.
University of Coimbra, est. 1290, Catholic.
OK, many more in Europe, every one of them Catholic (Universities of Perugia; Sapienzia in Rome; Complutense in Madrid, Macertta, Valladolid, etc.etc. all before the 14th century). Let's note the first Unversities on other continents as well. For instance, Asia:
University of Santo Tomas est. 1611 (in the Philippines), Catholic.
Interesting also to see that the Catholics had established eight Universities in Central and South America (Lima; Mexico City; La Plata o Charcas; Santo Tomas; Santiago de la Paz, Cordoba; Quito; and Quito) ... all before the Pilgrims landed at Plymouth Rock.
And what did they teach and study in the Universities? Unlike madrassas, yeshivas, lamaseries and confucian imperial mandarin schools, which concentrated heavily on memorization, recitation, and writing in a style which imitated sacred texts, the Catholic univsities were organized around a core curriculum of the seven liberal arts: arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, music theory, grammar, logic, and rhetoric.
Meanwhile, the Spanish Catholics at Salamanca were developing the concepts of procedural and substantive due process, and international law. They originated the basic definition of what a human being, or "person," is -- an entity of any race, color, culture or appearance possessing or capable of possessing intellect and free will--- in contrast to an irrational beast.
In consequence, they developed the theory of Universal Natural Rights, including the rights to simply go on living, to make their own choices inasmuch as they did not interfere with others' basic rights, and to securely possess and use property and the products of their labor for their own purposes and satisfaction. Put briefly, the Natural Rights comprised Life, Liberty, and Property (or pursuit of happiness)--- embraced centuries later in Jefferson's world as Natural Law.
So: with regard to "blind ideology"?
When you turn on the lights, a little rearrangement of your mental furniture may be in order.
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