I don’t know what a theological construct is but Jew had everything to do with DNA and race. The Jewish people only came from ONE Tribe...THERE WERE TWELVE TRIBES. All twelve tribes were ISRAELITES... You are correct that Jesus and Mary were Jews from the Tribe of Judah BUT PAUL SAYS HE IS A BENJAMITE. Paul is NOT A JEW. Actually, Abraham, Issac, Jacob and even Moses are not Jews! So you see there was an ABSOLUTE differentiation...even James writes his letter TO THE TWELVE TRIBES SCATTERED... He doesn’t write to the “Jews”.
If you don’t understand the Truth your not going to be able to interpret scripture correctly.
Which nonCatholic denomination/sect/group do you assemble with ?
Men, brethren, and fathers, hear ye my defence which I make now unto you. (And when they heard that he spake in the Hebrew tongue to them, they kept the more silence: and he saith,) I am verily a man which am a Jew, born in Tarsus, a city in Cilicia, yet brought up in this city at the feet of Gamaliel, and taught according to the perfect manner of the law of the fathers, and was zealous toward God, as ye all are this day.
But still, for gentle correction, Paul was RAISED A JEW. He said it in his letters.
Good grief, read the story of Stephen’s stoning. Paul, a Jew, was there persecuting Stephen and other Catholics.