Posted on 05/14/2012 12:51:09 PM PDT by Milagros
1012 Beginning of al—Hakim's oppressive decrees against Jews and Christians
http://www.americanthinker.com/2005/11/the_truth_about_islamic_crusad.html
Fustat on the Nile: the Jewish elite in medieval Egypt - Page 2 Elinoar Bareket - 1999 - 295 pages
... repression and the edicts issued by al-Hakim against the Christians ( starting from about 1007 AD), and against the Jews (evidently beginning in 1012 AD), but also against other Muslims. These acts of oppression reached their climax ...
http://books.google.com/books?id=yRhWOPGV_WIC&pg=PA2
Documents of the Jewish pious foundations from the Cairo Geniza - Page 9 Moshe Gil - Brill Archive, 1976 - 611 pages
That the period was one of reconstruction is fully confirmed by the Geniza documents, which attest the rebuilding of the Synagogue of the Palestinians in Fustat after it had been burnt down in 1012 under al-Hakim.
http://books.google.com/books?id=o7kUAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA9
A History of Palestine, 634-1099 - Page 376
Moshe Gil - Cambridge University Press, Feb 27, 1997 - 996 pages
According to al-Quda'i, who wrote approximately one generation after the decrees, and to Ibn Khallikan, who is generally reliable, the general edicts against the Jews and the Christians only began in 1012 (AH 402, which started on 4 August AD 1011). They were ordered to wear black turbans. The Christians had to wear a cross the length of a cubit and weighing five ratls around their necks; the Jews were obliged to wear a block of wood of similar weight, they had to wear some distinguishing mark in the bath-houses, and finally al-Hakim decided that there were to be separate bath-houses for their use, Ibn Al-Athir conveys, that al-Hakim ordered (after the destruction of the Chucrh of the Resurrection in Jerusalem) that all the churches in the realm be destroyed, and this was done, and that the Jews and Christians were then to accept Islam, or emigrate to Byzantine lands. They were also obliged to wear special distinguishing signs. Many converted. What Ibn al-Athir has to say about the conversions evidently applies mainly to the Christians, for when speaking of the converts' return to their former beliefs when the decrees were no longer valid, he only mentions the Christians... He states that the Jews 'generally managed to evade the decree to convert to Islam and only a few of them did convert'
http://books.google.com/books?id=M0wUKoMJeccC&pg=PA376
The Jews of Lebanon: between coexistence and conflict - Page 2 Kirsten E. Schulze - 2009 - 237 pages
Finally, on Passover in the year 1012, al-Hakim ordered the destruction of the Jewish quarter of Cairo with all its ... the Jews from Arab Countries: A Neglected Issue: "not only did Jews suffer oppression - including discrimination and ...
http://books.google.com/books?id=wfLnqyxeE78C&pg=PA2
The reign of al-Hakim bi Amr Allah (386/996-411/1021): a political study -Page 97 Sadik A. Assaad
Arab Institute for Research and Pub., 1974 - History - 209 pages
In 398/1007 al- Hakim confiscated the Church's revenue and put it under the supervision of the Dawdwin. Jews were ordered to wear a bell and Christians a cross when in public baths. He prohibited Christians from holding ritual ...
http://books.google.com/books?id=boByAAAAMAAJ&q=%22christians%22&hl=en
The Blackwell Companion to Eastern Christianity - Page 99 Ken Parry - 2010 - 528 pages
Rule by the Fa ̄t.imids, from 969 to 1171, began with more favourable conditions for Christians, but soon was marked by the very worst period of Coptic Christian history: the reign of al-Hakim (996–1021).
From 1007 to 1012 he persecuted Christians in numerous ways: humiliating dress, destruction of churches, confiscation of property and forced conversion (or execution). Many did convert, only to return to Christianity when al-Hakim moderated his position. But much damage was long-lasting; monasteries that had been attacked were now abandoned. Copts seemed to settle into minority status and the Arabization of Christianity in Egypt accelerated.
http://books.google.com/books?id=boByAAAAMAAJ&q=%22christians%22&hl=en
The war on ‘terror’ is really a war of ‘ideas.’
yet, over 1000 years we have lost...and Islam is re-rising
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