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St. Peter and Rome
Catholic Exchange.com ^ | 11-15-04 | Amy Barragree

Posted on 10/27/2006 8:14:39 PM PDT by Salvation

St. Peter and Rome
11/15/04

Dear Catholic Exchange:

Why did St. Peter establish the Church in Rome?

Ed


Dear Ed,

Peace in Christ!

We do not know why Peter went to Rome. The Church has always maintained, based on historical evidence, that Peter went to Rome, but has never taught why this happened. In speculating on this matter, there are two primary considerations.

First, at the time of Jesus and the early Church, the Roman Empire controlled the lands around the Mediterranean, a large portion of what is now Europe, and most of what is now called the Middle East. Rome was one of the biggest, most influential cities in the Western world. It was the center of political authority, economic progress, cultural expression, and many other aspects of life in the Roman Empire. This may have played a role in Peter’s decision to go to Rome.

Second, Jesus promised the Apostles that He would send the Holy Spirit to guide them. Scripture shows Peter following the promptings of the Holy Spirit throughout his ministry. It somehow fits into God’s providence and eternal plan that His Church be established in Rome. Peter may have gone to Rome for no other reason than that is where the Holy Spirit wanted him.

Historical evidence does show that Peter did go to Rome and exercised his authority as head of the Apostles from there. The earliest Christians provided plenty of documentation in this regard.

Among these was St. Irenæus of Lyons, a disciple of St. Polycarp who had received the Gospel from the Apostle St. John. Near the end of his life St. Irenæus mentioned, in his work Against Heresies (c. A.D. 180-199), the work of Peter and Paul in Rome:

Matthew also issued among the Hebrews a written Gospel in their own language, while Peter and Paul were evangelizing in Rome and laying the foundation of the Church (Book 3, Chapter 1, verse 1).
The African theologian Tertullian tells us that Peter and Paul both died in Rome in Demurrer Against the Heretics (c. A.D. 200):
Come now, if you would indulge a better curiosity in the business of your salvation, run through the apostolic Churches in which the very thrones of the Apostles remain still in place; in which their own authentic writings are read, giving sound to the voice and recalling the faces of each.... [I]f you are near to Italy, you have Rome, whence also our authority [i.e., in Carthage] derives. How happy is that Church, on which the Apostles poured out their whole doctrine along with their blood, where Peter endured a passion like that of the Lord, where Paul was crowned in a death like John’s [i.e., the Baptist], where the Apostle John, after being immersed in boiling oil and suffering no hurt, was exiled to an island.
Tertullian was certainly not the only ancient author who testified that Peter was crucified in Rome. An ancient, orthodox historical text known as the "Acts of Saints Peter and Paul" elaborates on the preaching and martyrdom of the two Apostles in Rome. The dating of this document is difficult, but historians cited in the Catholic Encyclopedia placed its probable origins between A.D. 150-250.

One of the earliest thorough histories of the Church was Bishop Eusebius of Cæsarea’s Ecclesiastical History. Most of this work was written before Constantine became emperor in A.D. 324, and some portions were added afterward. Eusebius quotes many previous historical documents regarding Peter and Paul’s travels and martyrdom in Rome, including excellent excerpts from ancient documents now lost, like Presbyter Gaius of Rome’s "Disputation with Proclus" (c. A.D. 198-217) and Bishop Dionysius of Corinth’s "Letter to Soter of Rome" (c. A.D. 166-174). Penguin Books publishes a very accessible paperback edition of Eusebius’s history of the Church, and most libraries will probably own a copy as well.

For more ancient accounts of Peter’s presence in Rome, see the writings of the Church Fathers, which are published in various collections. Jurgens’s Faith of the Early Fathers, volumes 1-3, contains a collection of patristic excerpts with a topical index which apologists find very useful (Liturgical Press). Hendrickson Publishers and Paulist Press both publish multi-volume hardcover editions of the works of the Church Fathers. Penguin Books and St. Vladimir’s Seminary Press publish a few works of the Fathers in relatively inexpensive paperback editions.

More treatments of Petrine questions may be found in Stephen K. Ray’s Upon This Rock (Ignatius); Jesus, Peter, & the Keys by Butler, Dahlgren, and Hess (Queenship); Patrick Madrid’s Pope Fiction (Basilica); and in the Catholic Answers tracts “Was Peter In Rome?” and “The Fathers Know Best: Peter In Rome.”

Please feel free to call us at 1-800-MY FAITH or email us with any further questions on this or any other subject. If you have found this information to be helpful, please consider a donation to CUF to help sustain this service. You can call the toll-free line, visit us at
www.cuf.org, or send your contribution to the address below. Thank you for your support as we endeavor to “support, defend, and advance the efforts of the teaching Church.”

United in the Faith,

Amy Barragree
Information Specialist
Catholics United for the Faith
827 North Fourth Street
Steubenville, OH 43952
800-MY-FAITH (800-693-2484)



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TOPICS: Apologetics; Catholic; Judaism; Theology
KEYWORDS: catholiclist; rome; stpeter
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To: jo kus

I have posted a lot of Irenaeus' quotes on this thread.
Seek and you will find.


781 posted on 11/07/2006 6:22:24 AM PST by Uncle Chip (TRUTH : Ignore it. Deride it. Allegorize it. Interpret it. But you can't ESCAPE it.)
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To: Lord_Calvinus

And they will be in need of plenty of "lux" where they are headed.


782 posted on 11/07/2006 6:37:19 AM PST by Uncle Chip (TRUTH : Ignore it. Deride it. Allegorize it. Interpret it. But you can't ESCAPE it.)
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To: Uncle Chip
I have posted a lot of Irenaeus' quotes on this thread. Seek and you will find.

Yea, and much out of context. Anything about allegory? Before I waste my time going through nearly 800 posts, I'd like to know...

By the way, are you saying that St. Irenaeus claims that St. Paul is a disciple of Simon the magician, because St. Paul HIMSELF uses allegory...

Regards

783 posted on 11/07/2006 7:11:29 AM PST by jo kus (Humility is present when one debases oneself without being obliged to do so- St.Chrysostom; Phil 2:8)
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To: Uncle Chip
What denomination of Christianity are you?Or are you non- denominational?
Do you attend Church?
784 posted on 11/07/2006 7:26:22 AM PST by stfassisi ("Above all gifts that Christ gives his beloved is that of overcoming self"St Francis Assisi)
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To: Uncle Chip

One more question uncle chip.
Are you a Christian?


785 posted on 11/07/2006 7:37:44 AM PST by stfassisi ("Above all gifts that Christ gives his beloved is that of overcoming self"St Francis Assisi)
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To: annalex
You keep avoiding the principle and the absolute fact that each and every individual person can, of himself, by himself and for himself, access the kingdom of God within and manifest for himself all the grace, material needs and salvation from God through Jesus Christ.

How in the world can any church have the authority the RCC claims to have when anyone, who cares to, can just vote with his feet (or his heart) and gain all things possible to gain?

The scriptures say what they say. "Greek and the antiquity" has nothing to do with it. I am talking about in your face reality, people can and do what the scriptures say they can do, and are doing it now. It is observable, and the scriptures say this which is observable.

In the face of this observable, clear and present truth any interpretation of scriptures that say otherwise is ipso facto false. Period.

786 posted on 11/07/2006 8:07:34 AM PST by William Terrell (Individuals can exist without government but government can't exist without individuals.)
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To: Uncle Chip

Analogies seldom work properly. When my wife married me she did not become me but she legally became my heir to all that I own. Likewise, if I were to divorce someone they no longer have claim to my estate.

There are no different promises; one to the Jews and one to the Gentiles. We share the same promises because we are ONE in Christ; both Jews and Gentiles. God doesn't look down favorably on unbelievers who have rejected His Son.


787 posted on 11/07/2006 9:37:51 AM PST by HarleyD (Mat 19:11 But He said to them, Not all receive this word, except those to whom it is given.)
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To: HarleyD
When was the Gospel first preached, according to Paul? See Galatians 3:8. The Abrahamic Covenant was the first preaching of the Gospel and it went to Abraham. The Gentile believer is blessed with faithful Abraham not in place of faithful Abraham.

The promise of the Land of Israel to the children of Israel [the faithful physical descendants of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob] was and is part of the package. It's a package deal and the Gentiles [nations], church or not, can either take it all or leave it all. If they want salvation, the children of Israel get the land as part of the promise to Abraham. No land for Israel, no blessing of salvation for the Gentile. It's all or nothing and its the Gospel truth.

788 posted on 11/07/2006 10:06:13 AM PST by Uncle Chip (TRUTH : Ignore it. Deride it. Allegorize it. Interpret it. But you can't ESCAPE it.)
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To: William Terrell
You keep avoiding the principle and the absolute fact that each and every individual person can, of himself, by himself and for himself, access the kingdom of God within ...

I am not avoiding it -- I agree with it. But this has nothing to do with the issue of the Church authority. In fact, it has nothing to do with authority of the Scripture either. This is all one needs to dwell in the Kingdom of God:

16 And behold one came and said to him: Good master, what good shall I do that I may have life everlasting? 17 Who said to him: Why asketh thou me concerning good? One is good, God. But if thou wilt enter into life, keep the commandments. 18 He said to him: Which? And Jesus said: Thou shalt do no murder, Thou shalt not commit adultery, Thou shalt not steal, Thou shalt not bear false witness. 19 Honour thy father and thy mother: and, Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself. 20 The young man saith to him: All these I have kept from my youth, what is yet wanting to me? 21 Jesus saith to him: If thou wilt be perfect, go sell what thou hast, and give to the poor, and thou shalt have treasure in heaven: and come follow me.

(Matthew 19, similar Mark 10, Luke 18)

No Church is mentioned, and no scripture. But Christ gives us a warning: "It is easier for a camel to pass through the eye of a needle, than for a rich man to enter into the kingdom of heaven", and then "you, who have followed me, in the regeneration, when the Son of man shall sit on the seat of his majesty, you also shall sit on twelve seats judging the twelve tribes of Israel. And every one that hath left house, or brethren, or sisters, or father, or mother, or wife, or children, or lands for my name's sake, shall receive an hundredfold, and shall possess life everlasting."

Those who dedicate their lives to Christ, take a vow of celibacy and poverty, can gain the everlasting life: "many are called, but few chosen."

The rest of us, those with a family vocations, need prayers of others and we need to be fed. This is where the Church comes in. The notion that one can read the Bible in his spare time, make up his own mind about what it says, and end up in heaven is not absolutely wrong: little children are like this -- of course, if they are brought to Christ by their parents (Mt 19:13-15).

I assume you are an adult. The Church is your shepherd (Jn 21:15-17). It is one thing to get lost (Luke 15:4f), another to insist on following someone who, like Luther, decided to climb over the wall because he could not be bothered to find the door. (Jn 10:1)

789 posted on 11/07/2006 10:07:30 AM PST by annalex
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To: annalex
But this has nothing to do with the issue of the Church authority.

Most intimately it does. How can a church have such authority as you describe when any individual ditch digger can do everything for himself and attain all without a church?

But Christ gives us a warning: "It is easier for a camel to pass through the eye of a needle, than for a rich man to enter into the kingdom of heaven",

And the Catholic and each ruling member therein is and are very rich, taking part in the mother wealth.

Those who dedicate their lives to Christ, take a vow of celibacy and poverty, can gain the everlasting life: "many are called, but few chosen."

But, you see, very few take such vows and god is not willing that any be lost. Obviously, such vows have nothing to do with gaining everlasting life. To take a vow of celebacy requires not physically copulating, which produces children. How then can Christian taught children be born if no Christian have any?

Are we saying that only those who have been denied the kingdom and everlasting life can have children?

Hogwash.

The notion that one can read the Bible in his spare time, make up his own mind about what it says, and end up in heaven is not absolutely wrong: l

LOL. It is absolutely right, to the exclusion of all else.

The Catholic church, like any other church, has indeed a mandate and spiritual authority. It is to humbly serve those who seek God and His kingdom, run a support group for those who may stray, and nothing else whatsoever. The Catholic church have such sovereignty that people give it, like any other artificial entity.

It can't be denied. You can look here in this writing, or there in that writing, and interpret as you like some writing that say water runs uphill, but the clear and observable fact is that water runs downhill, and every one can see it.

The Catholic church would try to sell you your own eyes! It was a scam, is a scam, has always been a scam, and you cannot see that because you believe your salvation rests upon what a material organization, a corporation says it is.

790 posted on 11/07/2006 10:30:05 AM PST by William Terrell (Individuals can exist without government but government can't exist without individuals.)
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To: William Terrell
How can a church have such authority as you describe when any individual ditch digger can do everything for himself and attain all without a church?

The Church has an authority over the teaching of Christ, because she received it, not the ditch digger. The latter may attain it -- the gospels I cited describe how, - but either he will discover the treasure of the Church for himself, or he will be lost.

the Catholic and each ruling member therein is and are very rich

Most people in the hierachy of the Church have taken vows of poverty.

Obviously, such vows have nothing to do with gaining everlasting life. To take a vow of celebacy requires not physically copulating, which produces children. How then can Christian taught children be born if no Christian have any?

Obviously? I cited you scripture a minute ago. It is true that other vocations beyond monastic life exist. But the need to renounce worldly possessions and attachments even in marriage is stated very clearly.

It is to humbly serve those who seek God and His kingdom, run a support group for those who may stray, and nothing else whatsoever.

This is not incorrect, yes. The Church is our shepherd. for example, when the Church guides us in properly understanding the veneration of saints or the meaning of scripture, this is exactly what she is doing. Let us not forget who is the protester here.

The Catholic church have such sovereignty that people give it

Scripturally wrong, and you know it. "I will build my Church". Not people's church.

scam

Would you mind not blaspheming the words of Christ?

791 posted on 11/07/2006 10:43:43 AM PST by annalex
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To: William Terrell; annalex
William,
Here is what Martin Luther said and preached on the feast of St. Peter in Chains, just a year before his formal breach with Rome in 1517 ....

“If Christ had not entrusted all power to one man,” Luther said, “the Church would not have been perfect because there would have been no order, and each one would have been able to say he was led by the Holy Spirit. This is what the heretics did, each one setting up his own principles. In this way as many churches arose as there were heads. Christ therefore wills, in order that all may be assembled in one unity, that His power be exercised by one man to whom also He has committed it. He has made this power so strong that He looses all the powers of hell (without injury) against it. He says, “The gates of hell shall not prevail against it;” as though He said, “They will fight against it but never overcome it,” so that in this way, it becomes manifest that this power is really from God and not from man. Consequently whoever breaks away from this unity and order of power, let him not boast of great enlightenment and wonderful works, as our Hussites and other heretics do, “for much better is obedience than the victims of fools who know not what evil they do.”

Then of course just one year later in a fit of rage ,
Luther denounced the papacy as an invention of the devil, he gave his disciples a formula they have been following ever since. But the concept was born of prejudice and not of quiet reflection on the inspired word of God.

Look around -there is over 40.000 Protestant,evangelical and non denominational churches,many of them with all sorts of interpretations of Scripture.

Do you think there 40,000 different Holy Spirits giving different interpretations?
792 posted on 11/07/2006 12:35:45 PM PST by stfassisi ("Above all gifts that Christ gives his beloved is that of overcoming self"St Francis Assisi)
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To: annalex
The Church has an authority over the teaching of Christ, because she received it,

Each human being on and off the planet can, at their decision receive the teaching and salvation of Christ. Jesus said He was the truth and the life and no man comes to the Father except by Him. No church is mentioned.

. . .but either he will discover the treasure of the Church for himself, or he will be lost.

The notion that God would turn salvation or condemnation over to a artificial entity created by and run by fallible men is absurd.

Most people in the hierachy of the Church have taken vows of poverty.

A vow of poverty, when the wealth of a Babylon king are available to them who take it, for their use "for the church's business" is a sham.

Obviously? I cited you scripture a minute ago. It is true that other vocations beyond monastic life exist. But the need to renounce worldly possessions and attachments even in marriage is stated very clearly.

I read your citations and saw not one that could twisted to say the above. Who in the history of mankind has taken these vows? Hell must be full to running over.

And no man, whoever he may be, can take God's Book of Life and edit it to his own pleasure, or opinion. The names written there were written there before the Creation.

This is not incorrect, yes. The Church is our shepherd. for example, when the Church guides us in properly understanding the veneration of saints or the meaning of scripture, this is exactly what she is doing. Let us not forget who is the protester here.

An organization created and run by man doesn't presume to tell God's children, whose names are written in His book of Life since the foundation of the world, what His words mean or whether their souls are sufficiently pure to earn His salvation.

The veneration of any other that Christ and God is blasphemy.

Scripturally wrong, and you know it. "I will build my Church". Not people's church.

Men funded the Catholic church and men run it, it is man's church. Any notion that Jesus passed some sort of tyrannical power to judge men's souls to a fallible foundation of man is not scriptural, only by labored interpretation inconsistent with His teachings.

Would you mind not blaspheming the words of Christ?

It is not possible to blaspheme any work of man, and the words of Christ hold their testimony for any who care to read without dubious benefit of a Catholic priest's opinion, and they do not create an artificial entity to rule the spiritual condition or disposition of any man.

They give the option to any who read and believe Him, and have faith in His teachings.

No Church Necessary.

793 posted on 11/07/2006 12:53:45 PM PST by William Terrell (Individuals can exist without government but government can't exist without individuals.)
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To: stfassisi
I neither agree with Martin Luther nor the Catholic church. I am a Christian according to the law of God in my heart and Christ's commandments and teaching in my life. I read the scriptures and do what they say and be what they command.

All church teach different doctrines, some greater in difference, some less. The founders thereof were men, like me and you. And all doctrines that conflict can't be right each one.

I use my mind, which God gave me to use, and my heart which has had His presence therein since childhood, and I use both these together to discern malarkey. And there is a lot of malarkey in the religious world.

794 posted on 11/07/2006 1:01:24 PM PST by William Terrell (Individuals can exist without government but government can't exist without individuals.)
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To: William Terrell
I quoted to you numerous references in the New Testament that refer to the establishment of one Church, and her authority to teach. I am one quoting scripture to you, when you cannot substantiate a single superstition of yours with scripture.

You are not incorrect in your condemnation of "work of man", but you need to apply it to the likes of Luther, Calvin, and the dime-a-dosen self-made pastors in various Protestant communities of faith today. They twist the scripture, that is if they read it at all, to your satisfaction.

One, Holy, Catholic, Apostolic. See 580.

795 posted on 11/07/2006 1:23:01 PM PST by annalex
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To: annalex
I quoted to you numerous references in the New Testament that refer to the establishment of one Church, and her authority to teach. I am one quoting scripture to you, when you cannot substantiate a single superstition of yours with scripture.

You can quote scripture all you like. If none say what you say it says the effort is vain. I realize you, and all Catholics, believe it says the priesthood say it says, and, what the priesthood says what it says is for the benefit and survival of their church.

They can not possible see it any other, as they are invested in the power the church gives them. That's not my problem; it is yours.

Superstition? Rituals are superstition. All that is needed is faith and belief, and those are found in the hearts, or not found in the hearts, of individual men.

The Catholic church, from my observation, is packed with scripture less superstition, not unlike those practiced by Wicca. Pardon me if I read what Christ says and hold to Him and His Father alone. It is what He says to do.

I do what He say, not what a group of men say.

You are not incorrect in your condemnation of "work of man", but you need to apply it to the likes of Luther, Calvin, and the dime-a-dosen self-made pastors in various Protestant communities of faith today. They twist the scripture, that is if they read it at all, to your satisfaction.

Oh, I most certainly do. I have seen and visited, and grew up with, many churches which are merely painted corpses. It gets worse as time draws on. . .

796 posted on 11/07/2006 1:48:14 PM PST by William Terrell (Individuals can exist without government but government can't exist without individuals.)
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To: Uncle Chip
And they will be in need of plenty of "lux" where they are headed

Who is "they" and where are "they headed"?

797 posted on 11/07/2006 2:31:47 PM PST by Lil Flower ("Without Love, deeds, even the most brilliant, count as nothing." St. Therese of Lisieux)
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To: William Terrell
merely painted corpses.

Good description.

The point remains that I read and understand and can explain the scripture that supports the Church authority in matters of faith. Your responses are not from scripture but from an anticlerical social prejudice.

798 posted on 11/07/2006 2:35:36 PM PST by annalex
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To: HarleyD
Deu 4:2 "You shall not add to the word which I am commanding you, nor take away from it, that you may keep the commandments of the LORD your God which I command you.

This verse from Moses does not teach that "if it isn't clear from scripture then a person can't lay claim to the issue". Otherwise Joshua could never have written the book of Joshua. The fact that other writers added to Scripture after Moses shows that the verse does not mean that "if it isn't clear from scripture then a person can't lay claim to the issue". The existence of human authorities (e.g. Moses) is fully compatible with simultaneous injunctions not to add to or subtract from the Scriptures. That is because this injunction means that the Scriptures *themselves* should not be altered without divine authorization. The injunction does not mean that there cannot also simultaneously be true and authoritative Tradition, or that there cannot also simultaneously be divinely appointed and ordained human religious authorities.

Tell me, ... how do you determine who is speaking the truth and who isn't?

We look to the sacred Magisterium, as it has spoken throughout the history of the Church and as it now speaks.

What criteria do you use?

The criterion is agreement with the sacred Magisterium.

Based upon some council of men who tell you they have the Spirit of God?

Any group of men could *claim* to have the Spirit of God. The Apostles and early Church fathers taught that the gift of ordination was received by an act of the Holy Spirit through the laying on of the Apostles hands. Only those who have received this gift can give this gift. That is why only bishops who can trace their orders back to the Apostles, and who are in communion with the bishop of Rome (who received in addition to epispocal orders Peter's keys), make up the living Magisterium.

-A8

799 posted on 11/07/2006 3:10:33 PM PST by adiaireton8 ("There is no greater evil one can suffer than to hate reasonable discourse." - Plato, Phaedo 89d)
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To: adiaireton8
This verse from Moses does not teach that "if it isn't clear from scripture then a person can't lay claim to the issue". Otherwise Joshua could never have written the book of Joshua. The fact that other writers added to Scripture after Moses shows that the verse does not mean that

There is a flaw in your logic. Look at the verse again:

The Lord specifically states that one should not add to or take away from anything He is commanding us. Thus any inspired scripture clearly falls within those boundaries since, by even Catholic definition, it is directly God-breathed wording. So my argument still stand with the backing of the Church. I cannot insert, "And thus Joshua, son of Nunn, ate a ham sandwich at Bethel." without the Lord being rightfully mad at me.

Only those who have received this gift can give this gift. That is why only bishops who can trace their orders back to the Apostles, and who are in communion with the bishop of Rome

Ahhhh....the hidden clause....they can received a gift from God but they're not allowed to use it unless the Church states they can. Do we see a problem?

800 posted on 11/07/2006 4:47:46 PM PST by HarleyD (Mat 19:11 But He said to them, Not all receive this word, except those to whom it is given.)
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