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Posted on 02/24/2004 1:51:43 PM PST by Gamecock
How do I go to God?", someone asked the Scottish Presbyterian, Horatius Bonar. The parson answered, "It is with our sins that we go to God, for we have nothing else that we can truly call our own."
Much like Lutheranism, the Reformed tradition was forged out of the mighty storm known as the Protestant Reformation. John Calvin (1507-64) was a Frenchman who, through his own study of the Scriptures and reading the tracts of Luther and other older Reformers, became a convert to the "evangelical" faith. Like Luther, Calvin was anxious about the state of his soul. How does a sinner become acceptable to a pure and holy God who cannot tolerate sin and who has told us that He has prepared a place of eternal torment? "Just love the Lord," they told Calvin. "Love Him?" he asked. "How can you love a God who is always pointing His finger at you, just waiting for your foot to slip?" But then a marvelous discovery came to the French scholar, much the same way it came to Luther, and in no small measure through that great Reformer's writings. The Bible declares that Christians are justified by faith in Christ and not by anything they do. That revolutionized this timid, shy Frenchman and made him, reluctantly, a major influence on the Western world.
But what did Calvin teach that was so revolutionary in his day? Or Edwards or Whitefield in theirs? What made Charles Spurgeon such an amazing evangelist and launched the modern missionary movement, with William Carey, Hudson Taylor, David Livingstone, and John Patton? What caused the Great Awakening and the Evangelical Revival in Britain and Europe? And why do we think these ideas--which are no more than the ideas of the Bible itself, could cause another revolution or reformation in thought and life today? First, the basic beliefs.
This Is My Father's World
Calvin wrote much on the beauty of the world as a "theater" in which God's attributes were displayed and highlighted. "As ever in my taskmaster's eye," wrote the famous Calvinistic poet, John Milton, expressing the sense of belonging to this world the Christian ought to feel. Of course, we are ultimately bound for eternity, but this life really does count.
That's why the Reformed tradition has always had a high doctrine of creation. If a cheap piece of pottery falls from the cupboard, it's no worry--just sweep it up and that's that. But what if the vase is a priceless antique in a museum, a master's signature edition and it is destroyed? Surely this would be a great tragedy. The difference doesn't lie in the quality of the material (both may have been clay pots), but in the greatness of the artist and the uniqueness of the work. So too, humans are not merely spirits caged in the prison-house of a body, but great works of art intended to have a certain enthusiasm and sense of dignity about being human.
Reformed theology has always emphasized the fact that everything has a reason--and that we have a reason. Nothing happens by chance, but is organized by the Great Director. And we are all "actors" on God's stage, as Shakespeare put it.
Far from making our own decisions and actions meaningless, it renders them truly significant. Who would ever say that the significance or freedom of Sir Laurence Olivier or Kathryn Hepburn is diminished by the existence of a script? Without a script, how could their acting have any meaning at all?
This means, too, that God did not create a separation between "secular" and "sacred," as many Christians today often do. Christians were meant to participate alongside non-Christians in every aspect of life. Reformed theology has no place for "Christian cruises" and "Christian media," "Christian books" and "Christian music." There is no "full-time Christian ministry" and "secular work," but vocations or callings for everyone. In creation, too, there is the gift of "common grace." "The rain falls on the just and the unjust alike," Jesus told the disciples.
The Fall Is Worse Than You Think
Sometimes we tend to view sin mainly in terms of actions: doing this or not doing that. But sin, according to Scripture, is mainly a condition which produces actions . "We sin because we're sinners," as the saying goes. Reformed theology takes sin seriously and argues with St. Paul that believers "were dead in trespasses and sins" and that "the unbeliever doesn't understand the things of the Spirit of God; neither can he know them...."
Think of it: Spiritually dead ! Have you ever had a good conversation with a corpse? Just try it sometime. It's a bore! Similarly, we can expect no life from fallen men and women until God decides to dispense His grace. "No one understands, there is no one who does good, no one looks for God, no not even one," lamented the Apostle Paul. This, of course, does not mean that we simply sit around and wait for unbelievers to be regenerated before we tell them the Gospel. Rather, we expect the Gospel, together with the Spirit, to regenerate them through our message.
The Reformed, like other Protestants, take the Fall in the garden of Eden seriously. We actually inherit the moral corruption and the guilt of Adam. We enter the human race as God's enemies, guilty enough to be condemned even before our first actual act of disobedience. "In sin," the Psalmist confessed, "my mother conceived me." This means that it is impossible for us to lift a finger to cooperate with God in our own salvation. Free will, the idea that everybody has the ability to accept Christ, is unbiblical and the root of serious misunderstandings from the Reformed point of view.
Election
"Just as He chose us in Christ before the creation of the world, that we would be holy and blameless before Him. In love He predestined us to be adopted as His children....In Him we also have an inheritance, having been predestined according to the will of Him who works out everything in conformity with His own plan and purpose" (Eph.1:4-11).
Here, as in so many places, the Bible tells us that God had His eye on us long before we had ours on Him. "Herein is love: not that we loved God, but that He loved us." I grew up with the illustration, "God has cast His vote for your soul; Satan cast his, but you must cast the deciding ballot." This, however, doesn't square with the Apostle Paul's remark that, "It does not depend on man's decision or effort, but upon God's mercy" (Rom.9:16). Election is not only a prominent doctrine in the Bible, but is of immeasurable comfort to those who are always anxious about whether they are doing enough to secure their salvation. Election teaches us, in Christ's own words, "You did not choose Me; I chose you and appointed you to bear fruit that would last" (Jn.15:16).
The Incarnation
Reformed theology has also emphasized the fact that "God became flesh and lived among us" (Jn.1). I can remember in Sunday school singing, as a child, "Jacob's Ladder." We would make climbing motions while we sang it. But this is not sound theology, is it? For the ladder Jacob saw in His dream was not a ladder we were to climb up to God, but a ladder God climbed down to us. Do you notice a common theme here? God's doing all the work. He's the initiator, the One moving toward us while we are helpless.
The incarnation also teaches us that God took on our own nature, sanctifying it. While it was humbling for the Son of God to be subjected to the miseries of a fallen world, He was pleased to become a human being just like us.
Christ's Life
Wait a second...Christ's life ? We hear about His death, but what did His life accomplish for us?
In Reformed theology (as in Lutheranism), we speak of Christ's active and passive obedience. His active obedience is His thirty years of perfect obedience to the Law of His Father. It wouldn't be enough, you see, for Christ to have died for our sins. The glass can't just be empty of guilt; it must be full of perfect righteousness, and we don't have it. Christ perfectly fulfilled the Law in our place. The "impossible dream" was finally realized by a human being--one of us, and He won the prize for us as though we were there with Him in every act of obedience.
His "victorious Christian life," therefore, replaces our own failings and we are saved because He lived for God, even though we do not.
The Cross
Then there's the other part I mentioned--the passive obedience of Christ. We are saved not only by His life, but by His death; not only because He lived for the Lord, but because He surrendered all to the Lord even when that meant His own judgment in our place.
We all know what a substitute is. He stands in for someone else. Christ stood in for us and took the rap that was justly meant for us. Hanging on that cruel Roman scaffold, Jesus Christ was considered the greatest sinner who ever lived, carrying the sins of the world and enduring the outpouring of Divine wrath and hatred for those sins.
The Resurrection
I used to live at Lake Tahoe, high in California's Sierra Mountains. First, there would be an ominous cover of dark clouds which could turn noon-time into evening in minutes. There was a storm and it would last for hours. The next day, I would step outside, blinded by the sun as it reflected off of the fresh snow and the skies would be painted in the deepest shade of blue on the spectrum.
In a similar way, the cross was the judgment of God on Christ as the believer's substitute. But the storm passed and the resurrection of Christ confirmed Him as the King of creation, the Lord of redemption. "He was crucified for our sins and was raised for our justification," according to the Scriptures.
It's important to remember, too, that all of this is historical. Jesus did not simply rise from the dead allegorically or as a myth which teaches us about new life. It was real space and time history, which hostile witnesses could not successfully refute.
Justification and Union With Christ
The central doctrine of the Reformation was justification by grace alone through faith alone. We believe that by trusting in Christ alone for our salvation, we are declared righteous. All of Christ's perfect obedience is charged to our account and our sins are regarded as having been paid for at the cross.
Through faith, we are united to Christ and through that union we share everything in common with Christ Himself. Is He righteous? Then we're righteous! Is He holy? Then so are we! Of course, this does not mean that we share His divine attributes, but everything He accomplished in His life, death, and resurrection is ours.
Many other religious groups believe that somehow, somewhere, we have something to do with our own salvation. We make some contribution. For some, that may be as little as "making a decision" or "walking an aisle" or "saying a prayer"; for others, it may demand a great deal more. But in this view, God's grace is seen as a substance, something that is infused or implanted within the believer, to enable him or her to live a godly life. In this perspective, the Holy Spirit and his guidance is the gospel, rather than the life, death, resurrection, and ascension of Christ as our righteousness before God.
That's why the Reformers said that it was not sufficient to say that it was all God's grace from beginning to end. That's a good start, of course, but the Bible requires a further safeguard to the gospel: Not only are we justified (declared righteous or just) before God by grace alone, but it is by grace through faith alone. In other words, we do not become righteous before God, in a process of Christian growth, as we cooperate with the Holy Spirit; rather, we are declared righteous before God in an instant, as the merit of the perfect life and atoning sacrifice of our Lord is imputed or credited to our account. This kind of righteousness was not something that we produced; nor was it even produced by God within us. For that is sanctification, and in this life, even the holiest among us make only a short beginning in that kind of righteousness. What we need is this "alien" or "foreign" righteousness; that is, a righteousness that belongs properly to someone else, but is given to us as though it really were our own. Besides the banking image of credit, the Bible uses the image of a white robe that covers our sinfulness and shame.
It was this robe that God used to cover Adam and Eve, when they realized that their fig leaves would not hide them from God's judgment. And it was this covering that was prefigured in the sacrifices, until John the Baptist declared, "Behold! The Lamb of God, who takes away the sin of the world."
If this were really believed in our churches today, there would be awakening and reformation. Every great movement in church history has found its impulse in a recovery of these truths. In a movement that claims to adhere to the Protestant Reformation heritage, evangelicalism bears hardly any resemblance to that great work of God. The emphasis, once again, is on what's going on inside, in one's heart, in one's spirit. Gone again in our day is that objective proclamation of Christ crucified for our sins and raised for our justification outside of us, two thousand years ago in a city in the Middle East. "Steps To Victorious Living" have replaced the preaching of Christ's victorious life and death for sinners who cannot keep up a charade and give God the righteousness his holiness demands.
But for those who, by faith alone, have received this gift of righteousness, there is a process of growth in holiness. Although it is never the foundation for acceptance before God (for it is always an imperfect holiness), sanctification is the process through which the Holy Spirit gradually conforms us to Christ's image. Chipping away at our sinful habits and deeply-rooted beliefs, the Spirit is the Divine Sculptor who seeks to bring glory to the Savior by making "busts" of him in every place of business, in every institution and home, in work and in leisure. While the believer continues to struggle with sin, to the extent that the person even questions whether he or she has really been born again, the Scriptures promise that the resurrection of Christ, when applied by the Holy Spirit through the Gospel, raises that person from spiritual death and attaches him or her to the Living Vine, Christ Jesus. Knowing that godliness is not something that one must achieve in order to be accepted by God and received or kept in his family, we can live for the first time as grateful and obedient sons and daughters, rather than slaves.
The Christian Life
Because all of that is true, those who emphasize these truths, as the Reformers did, understand the Christian life to be something very different from what many Christians are used to. First, it is liberty within the bounds of God's law that forms the motivation. Fear of punishment and hope of rewards is not a motivation one will likely see intentionally articulated or followed by those who take these truths seriously. If, when I am engaged in "spiritual" activities, God smells my fear, will he not be offended rather than pleased? And if he smells my selfish lust for crowns and mansions, will he not sooner accuse me of sin than of good works?
For the Reformed believer, "grace is the essence of theology and gratitude is the essence of ethics," as the Dutch theologian G. C. Berkouwer put it. Instead of analyzing every motive, often paralyzing the exercise of good works for fear doing them "in the flesh," the believer is to serve God and neighbor simply because that is what a gracious and loving Father has commanded. It is not simply because he is all-powerful and may, therefore, command whatever he wants, but because he is all-compassionate and has transferred us from the kingdom of darkness to the kingdom of his own Son. Therefore, we belong to him--at the cost of his own blood, not to ourselves.
All of this means, too, that the Reformed believer can turn his attention from his own salvation to the salvation and welfare of others. There are so many out there who are lost and who need to hear this liberating message, the good news of freedom from sin's bondage and guilt. Furthermore, there are so many out there who are hurting, homeless, in pain or suffering, grieving, experiencing the ravages of sin--both as victims and perpetrators. That is where the Christian must be--out in the world, not stuck in a monastic community of super-spiritual zealots who want to polish each other's halo. To be sure, we need the fellowship of the saints and, more important even than that, the regular reception of Word and Sacrament, but all of this is for a life of service in the world, before the face of God.
And this is what Paul is referring to in Gal 2:16? This is "the works of the law" that never justify us?
How do we make sense of the rest of the chapter, then, and the following chapter?
What is happening in chapter 2?
Paul is relating how he reprimanded Pope Peter for being a hypocrite and not eating with the Gentiles. There were those teaching the Gentiles that they had to follow the Law of Sinai in order to be Christians. So much so that Jewish Christians would not eat with Gentile ones because they did not follow the dietary laws.
14 But when I saw that they walked not uprightly according to the truth of the gospel, I said unto Peter before them all, If thou, being a Jew, livest after the manner of Gentiles, and not as do the Jews, why compellest thou the Gentiles to live as do the Jews?
15 We who are Jews by nature, and not sinners of the Gentiles,
16 Knowing that a man is not justified by the works of the law, but by the faith of Jesus Christ, even we have believed in Jesus Christ, that we might be justified by the faith of Christ, and not by the works of the law: for by the works of the law shall no flesh be justified.
17 But if, while we seek to be justified by Christ, we ourselves also are found sinners, is therefore Christ the minister of sin? God forbid.
18 For if I build again the things which I destroyed, I make myself a transgressor.
19 For I through the law am dead to the law, that I might live unto God.
20 I am crucified with Christ: nevertheless I live; yet not I, but Christ liveth in me: and the life which I now live in the flesh I live by the faith of the Son of God, who loved me, and gave himself for me.
21 I do not frustrate the grace of God: for if righteousness come by the law, then Christ is dead in vain.
Paul says he is dead to the law. And yet you would have us believe that Christians even today follow "the law of God" in doing good works. He clearly contrasts trying to follow "the law" with being able to "live unto God."
Therefore, the Galatians passage is not wrenched out of context, for it has always been -- Old Testament and New -- a Good Work for the Faithful to practice the Law of God.
Gal 3:
19 Wherefore then serveth the law? It was added because of transgressions, till the seed should come to whom the promise was made; and it was ordained by angels in the hand of a mediator.
21 Is the law then against the promises of God? God forbid: for if there had been a law given which could have given life, verily righteousness should have been by the law.
22 But the scripture hath concluded all under sin, that the promise by faith of Jesus Christ might be given to them that believe.
23 But before faith came, we were kept under the law, shut up unto the faith which should afterwards be revealed.
24 Wherefore the law was our schoolmaster to bring us unto Christ, that we might be justified by faith.
What is Paul talking about? some vague notion of a "law of God" that even now we try to follow in order to know good works?
Or is he clearly talking about the Law, capital L, given to the Isaelites at Sinai? And if that is what he means by "law" here, why should 2:16 be talking about somethign different?
And if Paul's gripe is that people were wanting to circumcise and make Gentiles follow the Jewish Law, why does that word mean somethign different in 2:16?
SD
No, Paul says that justification was not found in "works of the law." "The law" means something. No matter how many paragraphs you use to try to re-define it.
SD
Here's the problem, SoothingDave.
You're basically attempting to maintain that Paul is teaching that the Old Testament Jews were not Justified before God by the performance of "Jewish Good Works", but that the Council of Trent is correct when it claims that Christians are (at least in part) Justified before God by the performance of "Christian Good Works".
But there's a problem with the false division of "Jewish Good Works" and "Christian Good Works" which you are attempting to create: Jesus don't play that.
Matthew 22:37-40 -- Jesus said unto him, Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind. This is the first and great commandment. And the second is like unto it, Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself. On these two commandments hang all the law and the prophets.
To Love thy Neighbor, is to Practice the Law.
And it is, and has always been both Old Testament and New, a Good Work for a Believer to practice the Law of God.
The Error into which Bishop Peter fell, and for which Paul rebuked him, is that by his actions toward the Gentiles the good Bishop Peter was endorsing the false and judaizing error of the messianic Pharisees -- that a Man is Justified before God by the performance of Good Works. And for this cardinal Error, Paul rebuked him.
And Paul did NOT rebuke Peter's Error by saying, "Man is not Justified by the specific ceremonial regulations uniquely particular in former times to the Levitical Priesthood alone". This is what Rome would have us believe; but this is not what Paul said. Paul's rebuke of Bishop Peter's fundamental theological Error is far more sweeping -- and far more Damning to Rome, the Council of Trent, and the entire Roman theory of Salvation. What Paul said was, "by the works of the law shall no flesh be justified."
This is a universal and all-encompassing condemnation of the false Romanist notion that the performance of ANY of the Good Works commanded in the Old Testament Law contribute WHATSOEVER to a man's Justification before God.
Do "Christian Good Works" contibute to a man's Justification before God, as the Council of Trent has claimed? Paul says that NONE of the Good Works commanded in the Old Testament Law contribute ANYTHING to a man's Justification before God. So let's examine some of the Good Works which were commanded in the Old Testament Law:
Any way you wanna slice it, It is a Good Work for a Believer to practice the Law of God; and the practice of the Law of God by a Believer is a Good Work. And Paul declares that by Justification is by Faith, and NOT by the practice of Good Works (Galatians 2:16). James also declares that True Faith is shown by its production of Good Works (James 2:18).
This must not stand.
Rome must Recant her Error. She must Condemn her Error. And she must proclaim her Repentance of this Error to all whom she holds in her sway; that they might be justified by the faith of Christ, and not by the works of the law: for by the works of the law shall no flesh be justified.
Best, OP
It is my contention that the Galatians verse being tortured here is referring to the Law given to the Israelites at Sinai, not to some nebulous concept of "the Law of God."
Paul, read in context, is clearly stating that it is not possible to follow the Jewish Law in order to find righteousness. He is not talking about anything else.
Words mean things.
SD
SD
Those who do right in order to be rewarded for it are acting selfishly. Selfishness is at the bottom of their character, they abstain from sin only lest they should suffer, and they obey only that they may be safe and happy. The man who does right, not because of heaven or hell, but because God has saved him, and he loves the God who saved him, is the truly right loving man. He who loves right because God loves it has risen out of the bog of selfishness and is capable of the loftiest virtue. He has in him a living spring, which will well up and flow forth in holy living so long as he exists.
I don't disagree with anything you have said. And yet it doesn't contradict what I said either. Acting selfishly for a reward is, well, selfish. And yet good works will be rewarded. Which is what I said.
SD
It's exactly what Paul said.
Words mean things. "The works of the law" is a very simple thing to understand, and the context makes it even clearer.
If you wish to impart other meaning onto the text, then we simply will never agree. All of the rest of your sermonizing and html skills notwithstanding. If you can't read a verse and agree on what the words mean, there is no hope for you to understand.
SD
Yes or No, Dave...
Old Testament Law, or NOT Old Testament Law?
If Paul intended to say that some Works of the Old Testament Law do Justify a Man, he could have said so.
He was a Pharisee, fer cryin' out loud... You're not giving a Canon Lawyer of the Old Testament Church much credit for precision here when you (in effect) claim that Paul probably meant that some Works actually do Justify, and the poor silly sod just forgot to say so.
Paul was a Pharisee. He knew what the Works of the Law included: "Give charity to the poor" (Lev. 25:35, 36; Deut. 15:8), "Pay the worker his wages on time" (Deut. 24:15), "Help must be given to load man or beast when necessary" (Deut. 22:4), "It is required to love ones neighbor as oneself" (Lev. 19:18), "The persecuted are to be rescued even if it means killing the oppressor" (Num. 27:8). And of The Law, Paul said the following: "NOT by the works of the law: for by the works of the law shall no flesh be justified."
It's unfortunate that Rome requires you to pretend that Paul didn't know what he was saying, but I do understand that the Council of Trent requires you to maintain this pretense.
Ultimately, it all comes down to the basics.... Roman Catholicism allows you to maintain your core personal belief: "God doesn't always get what He wants."
Where our treasure is, there will our heart be also, neh?
Look, we disagree. I don't see any need for you to demean me, or to pretend that I am not telling you the truth, or that I secretly "know" that you are right, but I must "pretend" otherwise.
If you can't accept that I have a genuine belief in what I say here, then we have no further to go. I won't be called a liar.
Words mean things. "The works of the law" means what it says. Those following the Old Covenant Law.
Christians do not follow this Law. We are living in grace, not under the Law. I'm sorry you don't see what Paul is saying in this verse, having chose to overlay some other meaning than what is written. But that is your option.
I believe you believe it. Which is more credit than you have given me. Good day.
SD
SD
How very Pious of you, Dave... claim that I have besmirched your honor, called you a Liar -- and then say in turn that I "chose to overlay some other meaning than what is written"??
Cute, very cute, I'll admit that much.
But the fact remains: you claim that "Christians do not follow this Law, We are living in grace, not under the Law"; and yet every time I present you specific examples of the Old Testament Law, you are both utterly unable to deny that these are Good Works for Christians, and also utterly unable to deny that the Old Testament Jews did practice these Laws by grace.
So you fly away now, SoothingDave; if unable to maintain your argument, I suppose self-pity over my alleged accusations against your honesty will serve you well enough (even as you level similar accusations against mine, but never mind that....)
Fly, fly, fly...
Fly, fly, fly....
Do you believe this, or don't you?
Please, oh please, tell me if I have misquoted you in any way.
If I have, THEN I shall understand your unhappiness.
But if I have only quoted your own words back to you (and Dave.. we know I have) -- it's not MY fault that your ashamed of your own beliefs, and don't want them brought up in discussion.
I am not ashamed of mine.
When it comes to "accusations of dishonesty", remember this:
You started it, bud -- not me.
As always... you think you're perfectly free to dish it out, but of course you can't take it.
OP
That's not an accusation of lying or pretending. That's simply a description of your own misunderstanding.
If you can't tell the difference, that's your own problem.
But the fact remains: you claim that "Christians do not follow this Law, We are living in grace, not under the Law"; and yet every time I present you specific examples of the Old Testament Law, you are both utterly unable to deny that these are Good Works for Christians,
Just like you are unable, every time I bring it up, to look at what Paul means by "the works of the law" in the context of the book of Galatians? Fine, I'll play your little game.
Yes, every example you give is an example of what could be considered a "Good work." For a Christian today. (Nevermind the counter-examples that you claim do not apply today or to Gentiles. I'll let you cherry pick. I'm very gracious.) But they are not what Paul is talking about. They are not "works of the law."
they are works of the Spirit, works of grace. To put it another way, if I do not kill because it is God's law, I am also following the laws of this state. That doesn't mean I am refraining form killing because of my fear of the state.
It is irrelevant that the laws of the state happen to be the same as the laws of God. So is the case here. The acts of a Christian in doing good works happen to be described in the old Law. But the Christian is not doing "works of the Law." The Christian is not following the Law.
To continue my analogy, I refrain from murder not because it is a state law and not even because it is God's law. I do so because it is not in my nature as a spirit-filled Christian to do so. I appear to "follow" and do "good works" as defined by both man's and God's law.
But in reality I am doing neither. I am following the Spirit in grace.
As I said earlier, it is astonishing that a Catholic has to argue grace versus legalism to a Protestant.
and also utterly unable to deny that the Old Testament Jews did practice these Laws by grace.
I'm not sure why you think I would deny that Jews followed the Law. It must make some sense to you.
SD
Do you believe this, or don't you?
I believe that the question of free will versus determinism is larger than our ability to understand.
That said, we must operate in the realm of free will. We have choices and we will be held responsible for them. In that fashion we must operate under the assumption that what we choose matters and that it can be opposite than God's will for us.
In this way, and this is what I meant way back when, God does not always get what He wants.
On a higher level, discussing aspects of creation and how God made the world to be, we have a different scenario. But in practical terms as a Christian living day-to-day, it is simply dangerous and preposterous to posit a world in which there is nothign we can do that will displease God, or which is not what God wants of us. How is sin possible if we are all just doing what God wants?
But if I have only quoted your own words back to you (and Dave.. we know I have) -- it's not MY fault that your ashamed of your own beliefs, and don't want them brought up in discussion.
Who said I am ashamed? My beliefs do not always serve as a good bumper sticker, and can be taken out of context and misunderstood. Necessitating long boring elaborations. But in this case, it's just irrelevant to bring up into a conversation where you won't even address the very first thing I said, that "the works of the law" means something specific.
SD
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