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Posted on 01/20/2004 7:24:59 AM PST by Maximilian
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As soon as I heard of Ken Jones' Index of Leading Catholic Indicators,1 I had an intense desire to purchase a copy. The 113-page paperback book contains statistics relating to all aspects of Catholic life: Catholic education, religious orders, Catholic practice and belief, seminarians, nuns, and diocesan priests. Having read the Index, my compliments go out to Mr. Jones. Like myself, Mr. Jones is the father of seven young children, so I understand the sacrifice it was for him to take the time to bring this important information together. He has done an excellent job of presenting clear, irrefutable, unbiased, and undeniable raw data pertaining to the crisis in the Church, and he also provides some important analysis of that data. It is important work, and it is solid evidence supporting what many of us have known for a long time.
Poring over page after page of bar charts, graphs, and tables in the Index, one cannot help but be overwhelmed by the sense of loss. In every category — religious orders, diocesan priests, religious priests, teaching orders, you name it — the decline is sharp, obvious and undeniable.
Being a mathematician, however, I was not content to just read his book cover to cover. Mr. Jones' analysis was good, but he did not view his data the same way a mathematician does. Instantly I saw linear functions, exponential functions, and patterns that we can use to model and make predictions. The numbers, bar charts, figures and statistics gave me a level of excitement and an adrenalin rush that most would have to turn to bungee jumping to achieve.
At the sight of the tables of data, I reached for my computational tools: Maple 8.0, Sigma Plot, SPSS for Windows, and my trusty old Texas Instruments TI-85. Initially I was not sure where to begin, but after careful consideration, I concluded that the most important statistics are those having to do with seminarians. Seminarians are the future of the Church; without priests we will become a different Church. Godfried Cardinal Danneels of Belgium stated in an interview with the Catholic Times in May 2000 that "Without priests the sacramental life of the Church will disappear. We will become a Protestant Church without sacraments. We will be another type of Church, not Catholic." Already we can see this bleak prediction coming to pass as one parish after another is turned over to "Lay Administrators." So the chart having to do with the total number of seminarians2 throughout the better part of the last century is the most significant to us as Catholics.
Now, an initial glance at the bar chart titled "Total Seminarians" seems to indicate that there are essentially two functions: one linear and one exponential. The period prior to 1965 shows a linear increase and the period from 1965 to the present shows an exponential decrease.
We begin our analysis by plotting the graph for the period prior to 1965. This period was one of steady growth, so I found that we could roughly match it with a line of slope 829.331. This means that each year that passed there were approximately 829.3 seminarians more than there had been the previous year. So every ten years there were approximately 8,293 seminarians more than there had been the previous decade.
The growth rate over this period can be expressed as P (for "Preconciliar Growth Rate") as a function of time t, where t is in years and t = 0 in 1920:
Or, expressed as a function of the year:
Where the value of year can range from 1920 to the year 1965.
The growth was actually not perfectly linear, as we can see; in fact it was beginning to accelerate into what appears an exponential growth in the final years from 1940 to 1965. However, let's assume the worst — that the growth had just continued at the linear rate described by P(year). Then the number of seminarians we could have had in the year 2003 would have been approximately:
So, had this growth rate continued, by the year 2003 we would have a total of approximately 73,927 seminarians instead of the current figure of less than 5,000. Below you will see the actual data, and superimposed on it is a projection of P(year), the Preconciliar Growth Function, extending through the year 2002.
It is clear that the period from 1965 onward is nonlinear, so a different technique is required for modeling this period. The exponential decrease from 1965 onward appears similar to a graph of radioactive decay; as it turns out, this period can be modeled by what is commonly called an exponential decay function. Since this period of the Church is commonly called the "Springtime," we shall refer to this function as the Springtime Decay Function S(t), where S, the Springtime Decay, is a function of time t. We begin by taking the log of each of the data points. This gives us an essentially linear data set, to which we can match a line as we did previously for the Preconciliar Growth Function. Now we exponentiate both sides of our equation obtaining the following function:
Or, expressed as a function of the year:
Applying this model we can see that by the year 2065, 100 years from the beginning of the Springtime Decay process, there will be a total of 10 seminarians in the United States. The half-life of this process is 8.19 years, the approximate period of time it takes for the number of seminarians to diminish by ½.
There are some who will argue that this model does not apply. The last two actual data points are higher than the exponential decay function; certainly, according to some, this means that the decline is over, and that all will be back to normal soon. This is wishful thinking, but to accommodate them we turn to the modified exponential decay model. The Modified Springtime Decay Function is not as simple, but it is more accurate:
Or, expressed as a function of the year:
According to this modified decay function there will be 779 seminarians in the year 2065 instead of the 10 predicted using the previous model.
We can obtain a rough estimate of the number of lost vocations by taking the sum from 1965 to the present, in five year increments, of the difference between P(year) and S(actual), where the values for S come from the actual data in Mr. Jones' Total Seminarians table.
This estimate makes two assumptions:
We obtain the following values for each year:
| Year | P(year) | S(actual) | Difference |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 46,560 | 28,819 | 17,741 |
| 1975 | 50,706 | 17,802 | 32,904 |
| 1980 | 54,853 | 13,226 | 41,627 |
| 1985 | 59,000 | 11,028 | 47,972 |
| 1990 | 63,146 | 6,233 | 56,913 |
| 1995 | 69,293 | 5,083 | 62,210 |
| 2002 | 73,098 | 4,719 | 68,379 |
| TOTAL: 327,746 | |||
According to this rough estimate, approximately 17,741 vocations were lost over the first five-year period, 32,904 were lost over the second five-year period, etc., for a total of 327,746 since 1965.
There is no formula available for the calculation of the number of souls lost as a result of this loss of vocations.
There is one additional set of data that was not included in the Index, and that is data relating to the increasing number of vocations found through the "Traditional" Catholic seminaries, or those seminaries in which the 1962 rite is followed and priests are formed according to preconciliar standards. At the moment these seminaries are relatively new, but the growth is impressive. I was unable to obtain any statistics on the Institute of Christ the King, Sovereign Priest, which has a small presence in our country, but the figures for the graph below were provided courtesy of Fr. James Jackson, rector of Our Lady of Guadalupe Seminary in Denton, Nebraska. Our Lady of Guadalupe, where priests of the FSSP (Fraternitas Sacerdotalis Sancti Petri, or Priestly Fraternity of Saint Peter) receive their formation, is now in its twelfth year. Since their move from Pennsylvania to Nebraska four years ago they have been operating at maximum capacity. This fall, Academic Year 2003-2004, as in previous years, they had to turn away a large number of candidates due to lack of room in the partially completed seminary.
The noticeable gap at year eight was during their move from Pennsylvania to Nebraska.
Many have asserted that the sudden decline in all aspects of Catholic life that began in 1965 was due to "other factors," such as the influence of "the sixties." But Mr. Jones soundly refutes that argument by including a simple chart3 which shows a marked decline in Church attendance among Catholics from the 1960s to the present while it remained virtually level, with a slight increase, for Protestants. To more fully understand the nature of the crisis we find ourselves in, I highly recommend that every Catholic capable of reading beyond an eighth grade level purchase a copy of the Index and study it.
It is clear from this brief analysis of the data relating to the number of seminarians over the past eighty years that several things are true:
Although we cannot know the will of God, we can ponder the significance of the following:
The author, a retired Lieutenant Colonel in the United States Army, teaches Computer Science and Mathematics at Lyon College in Batesville, Arkansas where he resides with his wife and seven children.
No, I haven't. But thanks for the tip. I've heard good things about this series of books.
Thanks for the optomism. Hopefully it will effect me as much as the pessimism of a few on this board effects me.
Yes. Pius XII is a spiritual leader and should have used spiritual weapons - like excommunicating Hitler - if he was a spiritual problem. He had no business orchestrating spy netowrks infiltrated by criminals and communists and endangering the Church in this manner.
Sorry to bash this intenecine Catholic thread, but I feel compelled. Let me be blunt with you. Beyond you rather caviliar reaction or non reaction to the horror of Hitler trying to systematically kill every Jew he could get his hands on, because they were Jews, as his top priority, even more important than waging war itself, what is also offensive is your attitude that not discommoding the Church, as you see it, was more important than defeating defeating the more execrable historical monster of all time, Hitler. A church that does not make expunging Hitler its top priority, is a Church that in a most noisome manner has its moral compass wrong, at least in my a priori universe. Heck, you don't even say Hitler should have been excommunicated, unless he was a "spiritual problem," whatever the hell that means. Splendid.
Continuing to be blunt, your attitude brings back ugly memories of just why so many Jews and Protestants so distrusted the institution of the Church, back in pre Vatican II days, even though I don't think your leitmotif was ever really representative of its adherents. But it was far too prevalent.
It is good that your thoughts are abstractly and rather turgidly written, and largely consigned to the religion ghetto. If daylight were shined upon you in a more public place, you would be a profoundly divisive and negative force to conservatism, and to religious comity among various faiths, and to this site. Not that you would care.
What was Nazi Germany supposed to do with a subversive element?
What the hell is that supposed to mean? Don't tell me you think murdering Jews was the way to deal with a "subversive element"!
I haven't read any evidence of anti-semitism. I think he is interpreting history from a non-American point of view, as he has pointed out.
Stating a fact, as it was understood by the Nazi's, does not necessitate agreement.
Could you be a bit more obscure?
If it's a fact, why do you not agree with it?
Well, he'll just have to tell us, won't he?
The Jewish situation in Germany mirrors the homosexual situation there during those same years. By that I mean it is not always as cut and dried as history books would make it appear,retrospectively,of course. Americans of the twentieth century are refreshingly simple,overall we have been blessed with abundance;however,life is much more complex and it might behoove us to look at other's points of view.I think that is what Hermann is trying to do.
He said some pretty amazing things yet nobody pursued the information he was offering. Instead he was accused of being an anti-semite or argued with or insulted.
For example,he said that no Western countries permitted Jews to emigrate there. Is that true? And if so ,why? Those are the kinds of questions I would have expected but either no one cares or no one even noticed. Who knows?
A Christian society confident in itself and not servile to any outside interests, be it Muslims, Israel, the UN "Global Community", or Communists. A Christian society that would neither allow the immigration of Muslims into its midst, nor the construction of Mosques preaching hatred and the destruction of Europe in our Holy Cities like Rome.
Modern Warfare, as practiced from the Civil War until the first Gulf War, is itself a crime against humanity, with its mass butchery and deportations of civilians.
The notion that we are "good" because we butched better than Hitler (what is called "winning WWII") is grotesque, and the notion that the Church should become involved in picking sides between three atheistic butchers (Nazis, Communists, and Democracies) is worse.
In better days, the Church held herself aloof from picking sides with the worst elements of humanity accidentally risen up to rule nations and slaughter people.
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