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The War Party's Enablers: all of us
SF Chroncile | 14 Spet. '03 | Robert Higgs

Posted on 09/17/2003 8:43:40 AM PDT by u-89

Excerpt: many Americans take pleasure in "kicking ass," and they do not much care whose ass is being kicked or why. So long as Americans are dishing out death and destruction to a plausible foreign enemy, the red-white-and-blue jingos are happy. Visit a barbershop, stand in line at the post office or have a drink at your neighborhood tavern and listen to the conversations going on around you. The sheer bellicosity of many ordinary people is as undeniable as it is shocking...

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further excerpts:

...In view of the evident futility, and worse, of nearly every war the United States has fought during the past century, how does the War Party manage to propel this nation into one catastrophe after another, each of them clearly foreseen by at least a substantial minority who failed to dissuade their fellow citizens from still another march into calamity?

An adequate answer might fill a volume, but some elements of that answer can be sketched briefly. The essential components are autocratic government, favorably disposed mass culture, public ignorance and misplaced trust, compliant mass media and political exploitation for personal and institutional advantage.

By "autocratic government" I refer to the reality of how foreign policy is made in the United States. Notwithstanding the trappings of our political system's democratic procedures, the making of foreign policy involves only a handful of people acting decisively.

When the president and his coterie of top advisers decide to go to war, they just go, and nobody can stop them. The "intelligence" agencies, the diplomatic corps and the armed forces do as they are told. Members of Congress cower and speak in mealy-mouthed phrases framed to ensure that no matter how the war turns out, they can share any credit and deny any blame. No one has effective capacity to block the president, and few officials care to do so in any event, even if they object. Rarely does anyone display the minimal decency of resigning his military commission or his appointment in the bureaucracy.

In short, in our system the president has come to hold the power of war and peace exclusively in his hands, notwithstanding anything to the contrary written in the Constitution or the laws. He might as well be Caesar.

In the late 1930s, Congress considered the Ludlow Resolution, which would have amended the Constitution to require approval in a national referendum before Congress could declare war, unless U.S. territory had been invaded. Franklin D. Roosevelt vigorously opposed such an amendment, writing to the speaker of the House on Jan. 6, 1938, that its adoption "would cripple any President in his conduct of our foreign relations." The resolution was voted down 209-188 in the House.

Of course, eventually the president who propels the country into war may have to stand for re-election, and he, or at least his party, may be repudiated. That occurred in 1920, 1952, 1968 and, perhaps, in 1992. Although on such occasions some observers always conclude that "the system worked," nothing could be further from the truth, because by the time the voters repudiate the leader responsible for plunging the nation into a senseless war, the damage has been done.

Wilson gained re-election in 1916 as the candidate who had "kept us out of war," then immediately reversed himself. Four years later, his party was turned out of the presidency. Too late.

President Lyndon Johnson campaigned against sending "American boys to do the job that Asian boys should do," then immediately reversed himself. Four years later his party was turned out of the presidency. Too late again.

Presidents decide to go to war in the context of a favorably disposed mass culture. Painful as it is for members of the Peace Party to admit, many Americans take pleasure in "kicking ass," and they do not much care whose ass is being kicked or why. So long as Americans are dishing out death and destruction to a plausible foreign enemy, the red-white-and-blue jingos are happy.

Visit a barbershop, stand in line at the post office or have a drink at your neighborhood tavern and listen to the conversations going on around you. The sheer bellicosity of many ordinary people is as undeniable as it is shocking. Something in their diet seems to be causing a remarkable volume of murderous, barely suppressed rage.

An eagerness to spill blood and guts extends, however, well beyond the rednecks. Highly literate, albeit sophistic, expressions of this proclivity appear nearly every day on the editorial page of the Wall Street Journal, a Likud Party megaphone whose motto might well be "all wars all the time." Establishment think tanks, most notably the American Enterprise Institute, trot out well-spoken intellectuals in squads to trumpet the necessity of wreaking global death and destruction.

Public ignorance compounds the inclinations fostered by the mass culture. Study after study and poll after poll confirm that most Americans know next to nothing about public affairs. The intricacies of foreign policy are as alien to them as the dark side of the moon, but their ignorance runs much deeper.

They can't explain the simplest elements of the political system, they don't know what the Constitution says or means and they can't identify their political representatives or what those persons ostensibly stand for. They know scarcely anything about history, and what they think they know is usually incorrect. People so densely ignorant that they have no inkling of how their forebears were bamboozled and sacrificed on the altar of Mars the last time around are easily bamboozled and readily sacrificed the next time around.

Forming a snowcap on this mountain of ignorance is a widespread willingness to trust governing authorities, especially the president. Thus, if President Bush tells the people that Iraq poses a serious threat to the United States, many believe him. Presidents and their lieutenants exploit this misplaced trust to gain popular approval for bellicose foreign policies, knowing that even if every somewhat educated or skeptical person in the country opposes the policy, it nevertheless will receive substantial support in the polls.

So long as war is something that happens "out there" somewhere, most likely in a place that few Americans have ever visited and most can't even locate on a map, and not too many body bags are delivered with sons and husbands inside, then the masses tend to find sufficient bliss in their ignorance and childlike trust in their rulers. Flag-waving and other symbolic displays bring them a cheap identification with the great nation-state, but few have any immediate contact with events in the empire. As an issue, war remains foreign to them in the literal sense -- always somebody else's problem.

Follow the link to read the entire article


TOPICS: Culture/Society; Editorial; Foreign Affairs; Government; Philosophy
KEYWORDS: afghanistan; education; iran; iraq; mideast; neocon; propaganda; syria; warismessyboohoo; waronterroism; warparty
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To: BenLurkin
Grin!
21 posted on 09/17/2003 9:04:20 AM PDT by week 71
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To: u-89
WWII - A total waste of resources and Money.
22 posted on 09/17/2003 9:04:20 AM PDT by .cnI redruM (There are two certainties. Death and Texas.)
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To: Myrnick

23 posted on 09/17/2003 9:05:41 AM PDT by BenLurkin (Socialism is slavery)
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Comment #24 Removed by Moderator

To: Chi-townChief
Higgs is no liberal, but he seems to think that because wars usually end up in government growth, and government growth is bad, wars should not be faught. Its libertarian utopianism.
25 posted on 09/17/2003 9:06:13 AM PDT by michaelt
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To: week 71
Smells like libertarian foreign policy, i.e. nonsensical.
26 posted on 09/17/2003 9:09:06 AM PDT by TheDon (Why do liberals always side with the enemies of the United States?)
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To: u-89
Very feeble article, and even more feeble post. Imagine the wonderful world we would live in, if we were to "democratize" our foreign policy. The left doesn't really like direct democracy anyway, as shown by their propensity to attempt to overturn elections via the courts, witness Florida-Gore 2000, Toricelli-NJ 2002, and now California Recall-9th Circus 2003. So, since they do not trust the "rednecks", and hate America in general, why democratize foreign policy? They wouldn't like the results of the FP Plebiscite anyway. Besides, the Democrat Party is the party traditionally known as the "War Party", just to clarify. Reason? Because they insist on initial isolationism, and appeasment... until World War is inevitable. Witness FDR; started out pacifist, became interventionist, but dithered around until the Axis threat was impossible to ignore. Clinton is a true Democrat in this regard, as he successfully ignored the growing threats of terrorism and nuclear proliferation, and continues to be aided by his minions, such as the author of this piece.
27 posted on 09/17/2003 9:12:07 AM PDT by Richard Axtell
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To: u-89
Haven't most wars been declared, or at least made unavoidable by members of the "Peace Party".

The closest I could come to agreeing with the author of this piece is to say that conservative republicans are forced to commit American lives to militarily clean up the messes made by liberal appeasers way too often.

28 posted on 09/17/2003 9:14:16 AM PDT by avg_freeper (Gunga galunga. Gunga, gunga galunga)
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To: SunStar; ElectricStrawberry
Or unconscionable.
29 posted on 09/17/2003 9:16:46 AM PDT by Huck
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To: michaelt
bump your post.
30 posted on 09/17/2003 9:20:36 AM PDT by headsonpikes
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To: AZLiberty
This war is not about killing people, but about stopping terrorism.

Somehow, some people just refuse to see this. They refuse to recognize the difference between means and ends. I wonder if this guy would object to a surgeon performing a surgery because it involves wielding a knife and cutting stuff up.

31 posted on 09/17/2003 9:24:09 AM PDT by Yardstick
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To: week 71
Nothing wrong with using the military against al Qaida but drawing up a list of 6 or 8 countries to invade and rebuild is extremely foolish - not to mention trying to redefine a culture by force.

BTW the Nazis found out the hard way that they could not conquer terroism with the military. For every one they killed there was always at least one who took their place.

32 posted on 09/17/2003 9:27:14 AM PDT by u-89
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Comment #33 Removed by Moderator

To: u-89
"Terrorism is the result of political problems.

What kind of Horse sh*t is this?, Terrorsim is an act of violence against innocent people that must be answered with swift justice, or it will never stop.

" They can not be solved with the military."

Tell that to the families of those killed on 9/11, but before you do, allow me to buy a life insurance policy on you

"Pursuing war for economic gain, personal advancement or spreading ideology is a crime and a sin."

I sure hope your talking about the Muslims who refuse to tollerate any other religion but their own? If not! you are clueless

34 posted on 09/17/2003 9:30:15 AM PDT by MJY1288 (Who Would the Terrorist Vote For ??????)
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To: u-89
Robert Higgs needs his ass kicked.
35 posted on 09/17/2003 9:30:31 AM PDT by TexasRepublic (Liberal = Socialist = Communist)
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To: LanPB01
Economic interaction has always led to golden eras. The history of the 20th century is compounding the failures of faulty policy with more of the same. The results were bloodshed and confusion that has not been settled to this day.
36 posted on 09/17/2003 9:30:45 AM PDT by u-89
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To: ElectricStrawberry; SunStar
Do you trust people who use words like "global hegemony", "new world order" and "Pax Americana?"
37 posted on 09/17/2003 9:32:34 AM PDT by u-89
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To: u-89
I don't trust people who believe political problems are to blame for terrorism
38 posted on 09/17/2003 9:38:15 AM PDT by MJY1288 (Who Would the Terrorist Vote For ??????)
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To: dfwgator
The US was the only country that resorted to war to end slavery. BTW that war was over secession - letting sovereign states determine their own course or enforcing a union through conquest.

W.W.I brought on communism and nazism. W.W.II enable communism to grow strong in the USSR and spread, ensuring the cold war. WWII's policy of unconditional surrender meant we had to conquer and occupy a land rather than merely defeating an army. Thus we had to rebuild and defend the conquered lands. BTW we are still there and even expanding our jurisdiction - recipes for more wars.

39 posted on 09/17/2003 9:40:47 AM PDT by u-89
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To: u-89
I know Higgs. He used to be sensible. Don't know what happened over the years, but CLUE: terrorism is specifically fought by military power. All the good will, free trade, and lollipops he and anyone else want to give out have no effect on these Islamofascists.
40 posted on 09/17/2003 9:48:26 AM PDT by LS
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