Posted on 07/03/2008 8:27:18 AM PDT by Red Badger
An overlooked nook on our planet that may offer some smart lessons on how to cultivate the energy we need.
Problems linked to foreign oil dependence are real and frightening. With oil prices north of $100 per barrel, constrictive environmental regulations proliferating, and incidents of pollution-related illness piling up, research into alternative energy sources is all the rage.
As common as these efforts are becoming, it seems they still fall short of addressing the enormity of the crisis.
Rather than fixate on the problems, however, let’s take a moment to look at a real-world example in an unexpected corner of the globe that just might have a few solutions to offer.
Eleven hundred years ago, the Vikings used wind power to sail to the tiny North Atlantic country of Iceland. Today, their descendants are using other readily available and clean energy sources to “go green.” In fact, Iceland, in its effort to reduce dependence on imported oil and clean up its environment at the same time, is trying to become the world’s first petroleum-free economy.
“An Eternal Machine Created by the Almighty”
Necessity is the mother of invention—and for Iceland, it certainly is a motivating factor. The island nation has no coal, no petroleum reserves, and no trees (the Vikings used up all the timber centuries ago—quite the environmental faux pas of their own). Rather than freeze in the dark, Icelanders decided to innovate.
During the 1970s, around the time of the Arab oil crisis, the need for cheap energy became critical. With oil rationing occurring around the world, Icelandic scientists analyzed their options and realized they had harnessed only a fraction of Iceland’s potential energy sources.
In a 2003 interview, President Olafur Ragnar Grimsson described his nation’s situation this way: “We have this eternal machine in this country created by the Almighty consisting of the fire below under the ground and the glaciers and the water that comes from the sky, and it goes on and on, year after year, century after century, creating this fascinating source of energy” (abc, Foreign Correspondent, Oct. 1, 2003).
So Iceland set out on an ambitious and risky program to develop its existing resources. Rather than import every joule of their energy, Icelanders drilled wells to tap hot underground water and built a grid of pipes throughout the entire city of Reykjavík to circulate the water to heat the city’s homes and offices. Soon, Icelanders were also using their volcanoes and many rivers to generate copious amounts of geothermal and hydroelectric energy.
“Most of the geothermal development for the last 10 years has been in Iceland,” said Asgeir Margeirsson, head of geothermal company Geysir Green Energy. “There has been a lot of development here whereas there has been some sort of stagnation in the other countries, and not too much development, like the U.S., New Zealand or Italy. Until recently,” he said (National Public Radio, Dec. 3, 2007).
In the 1960s, virtually every single home had a heating oil tank in the backyard. Diesel-burning oil trucks constantly trundled back and forth, filling and refilling. Back then, geothermal power cost much the same as oil to heat homes.
Today, Iceland’s grand gambit is paying off. Iceland no longer imports any coal or oil for heat, and energy from Iceland’s hot rocks warms 95 percent of Iceland’s homes. Seventy percent of the island’s energy is renewable, and geothermal heat costs five times less than heat generated from oil.
But Iceland isn’t stopping there. The modern Vikings want to do away with gasoline and diesel reliance as well. For that, they are turning to hydrogen.
An Ideal Energy Source?
In January, Iceland announced the creation of the world’s first hydrogen-equipped commercial vessel. The 155-passenger Elding (which means lightning) is considered the first step toward converting Iceland’s entire fishing fleet—a lofty goal, since Iceland’s fleet is one of the largest in the world.
To some scientists, hydrogen has the potential to be an ideal energy source. Visionaries since Jules Verne have sought ways to turn water to fuel; after all, 70 percent of the Earth’s surface is water. Now, the visionaries’ technology exists, and hydrogen gas can be made from plain old water. Electricity from another source (in Iceland’s case, hydroelectric or geothermal) breaks the hydrogen molecules off the water molecule. Oxygen is released, and captured hydrogen can then be used as fuel.
But the best part is that when you’re running on hydrogen, only water vapor comes out the exhaust pipe. Electricity and h_‚‚o are its only products—no pollutants. No stinky, noxious exhaust.
Imagine running on clean technology. No more ripping the Earth apart to mine oil sands; no more ocean oil spills. Imagine a society with cool, fresh, sweet air and clean, crystal-clear water. Imagine being able to see the Pasadena hills from downtown Los Angeles again. No more haze; no more smog-related respiratory problems.
There is only one catch—and it’s big. Using current technology, it takes more energy to break the hydrogen from the water molecule than can be gained in burning the hydrogen. That is why no self-sustaining water-powered cars have been built to this point. If you want the hydrogen power, you need to use additional energy from somewhere else to get it.
For many countries, that would be a huge problem, but Iceland doesn’t sweat it because almost all of the nation’s domestic power generation is clean and cheap. It doesn’t need to use dirty natural gas or coal to produce hydrogen; it has excess “green” power to spare—plenty to provide for its hydrogen vehicle needs. And, as it turns out, at a price lower than conventional gasoline.
The hope is that as technology advances, the energy required to break hydrogen from water will decrease, and using hydrogen will become more economical for all countries. In the meantime, green energy is already paying off for Iceland.
Hydrogen-powered ships are just the beginning. The whole country is undergoing a clean energy revolution. Already Daimler Chrysler and Toyota have hydrogen-powered cars running there. Hertz offers hydrogen-powered autos for hire. Jon Bjorn Skulason, head of Icelandic New Energy, believes that by 2035, most of Iceland’s gasoline vehicles will have been phased out in favor of the new clean technology.
President Grimsson said he wanted to “show the rest of the world that it is indeed possible to have an entire society or a city comprehensively based on a new type of energy, energy that doesn’t threaten the life on Earth … and is friendly to the future of mankind” (op. cit.).
Could the Iceland model pay off on a larger scale? The possibilities are exciting to contemplate.
An Exciting Prophecy
The United States, for example, does not have the exact geological advantages Iceland does, but it certainly has more than it is using. Much of America’s western seaboard is volcanically active. California is already utilizing some geothermal power. A 2006 report by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology estimated that the extractable geothermal energy in the U.S. is a whopping 2,000 times the primary energy the nation consumed in 2005. Factoring in reasonable technology improvements in the future, the report said the economically extractable amount of useful energy could increase by more than a factor of 10, thus making geothermal generation sustainable for centuries.
All that clean energy is available, just waiting to be harnessed—and that is just one type of nonpolluting power.
What other aspects of the creation are just waiting to be unlocked to provide sustenance for society? What else do we still not understand about the laws of chemistry and physics that might open up whole new power-generating avenues, taking us in completely unexpected directions?
Clean, inexpensive energy is something America and the whole world craves.
Did you know that your Bible talks about a time in the near future when abundant clean energy will be the norm?
The same God who created this Earth and the universe has promised to establish a world unencumbered by the energy and pollution problems facing us today. That same God holds the keys to the physical laws governing that universe.
Looking at a society that is already taking steps toward a cleaner environment, it is exciting to think of what might be possible in the future.
Yes, but Thomas Edison was right about that. Burning candles in 2008 is either for ambiance reasons or for generating scents in the house. If we want real light today, we turn on the electricity.
Nuclear power may never become too cheap to meter (especially for Aluminium factories) but it may:
1) Become cheaper than alternative sources (very likely)
2) Become more effective to be charged as a flat monthly fee for a typical residential household with lines that max at 200A (possible)
3) Become significantly cheaper than it is now if we could recycle the waste without a bunch of technology hating commies throwing roadblocks in the way of people who want to actually accomplish things!
What about geothermal induced earthquakes? You couldn’t take too much of it near the surface without causing changes. The low cost/low hanging fruit is limited but I agree we could develop some new technologies to use more of it. Maybe slow motion robotic moles could be developed to run water lines at lower cost enabling some practical home heating and cooling.
Yes, I know. For that we need PEBBLE BED REACTORS outside EVERY home!....right beside the Geothermal heating and A/C units!............
No, Brazil set out to build 100% alcohol fueled cars and trucks because they have millions of acres of sugar cane fields. But now they have their own oil wells!.............
“Why the hell aren’t we doing this?”
As a 5th generation Southern Californian, if the so called polutants (smog) were eliminated all you imigrants from elsewhere wouldn’t be encouraged to go back to where you came from!
In the 40s and early 50s when I was growing up and smog was so thick in los Angeles that aqt times iT made the school librear hazy from one end to the other, no one was bothered by it except imigrants from the east coast.
Had the same word for them then as no, LEAVE!!!!
IIRC, there's a new-ish geothermal plant near Reno that's producing power. A few years back I was somewhat involved with a pilot geothermal plant in southern Idaho but they were having many problems with corrosion and mineral deposits in the plumbing.
Believe me, it isn't as easy as just tapping into the hot water and letting it do its thing. Geothermal water is loaded with all sorts of goodies: gold, silver, copper and many other minerals, some quite nasty. They can really plug up the "works" in elaborate heat-exchange equipment. They're the source of many ore deposits, like the famous Comstock Lode. In the U.S. geothermal energy remains one of those vague unproven "alternative" energy sources that the enviros claim will replace oil quickly -- not!
if all the alleged atmospheric pollutants that are flying in the air today caused by coal and oil usage is replaced by water vapor, I have a nagging feeling that we just might be opening a pandoras box.
Overall, I can't see how artificially charging our atmosphere with water vapor could be advantageous to the planet. Look what happens to your bathroom walls, ceiling and mirror when you take a shower with the door closed........
We can do the same thing the Icelanders are doing, but with the understanding that nuke power would be our engine rather than geothermal.
If you favor hydrogen-powered cars, and battery-powered cars, then you have to be thinking about nukes. We should be building about fifty of them right now.
If you want to get off of foreign power sources, the immediate short-term answer is drill like crazy and build coal-to-diesel plants left and right. The long term answer is nuclear.
China is currently (pun intended) building 35 NEW NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS, with plans for 300 MORE!.................At least our money is paying for somebody's nuclear power..............
Wow. China is determined to be energy independent.
We do the same.
“We do the same.”
Dang. Should read “We should do the same”...
Exactly. I look at my house, all the goods within it, my vehicle, my recreational toys, everything.....and I can't find one thing that doesn't have something to do with oil.
I assume it's the same for the No-Drill Hypocrites...if they took a few minutes to think about it...but that might hurt.
Didn’t Brazil go all biofuels, a long time ago?
In a word, NO!
Brazil does use biofuels (sugarcane ethanol) to supplement its domestic oil supplies, but it still uses plenty of oil. However, it has stopped importing it.
Easy heat, but equally important is the ice - gives a constant delta-T Stirling engines love.
That must be what i am remembering...reading that they had gone self sufficient, and stopped importing any foreign oil.
Yea, unfortunately we don’t have volcanoes like Iceland.
What do you think rain is? Condensed water vapor. Some parts of the world would benefit from more rain. Oceans cover most of the globe and their evaporation in sunlight contributes more vapor to the atmosphere than man ever could. The atmosphere can absorb only so much moisture. When the air reaches saturation point, then the rest will condense and fall as rain.
Good points.
You're absolutely right, via natural causes. Now you intend to super saturate it via artificial means - burning hydrogen. Rain you say? Quite likely and a hell of a lot of it...........
Nothing like increased water vapor in the atmosphere to increase the greenhouse effect......
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