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What Are Lawful Orders? (Watada, good read)
Military.com ^ | March 4, 2007 | Jeff Edwards

Posted on 03/04/2007 2:38:00 PM PST by jazusamo

In the wake of last month's mistrial, the court martial of Army First Lieutenant Ehren K. Watada has been rescheduled for July 2007. The young officer stands accused of multiple violations of the Uniform Code of Military Justice or UCMJ, stemming from his refusal to deploy to Iraq with his unit in June of 2006. He also faces charges for interviews that he gave before and after his unit deployed without him.

Watada has stated in numerous public appearances that the war in Iraq is illegal, and that any order to participate in a criminal act is -- by its very nature -- a violation of the law. Members of the U.S. military are required by law and by duty to refuse illegal orders, a fact that 1st Lt. Watada refers to frequently. He claims that he had no other option as a faithful Army officer; he had to disobey the order to deploy.

Watada's critics call him a coward, a deserter, and a disgrace to his uniform. On the other side of the fence, antiwar activists have labeled him a hero and a steadfast American patriot. The growing controversy over his case and the war itself have made him a poster child of the antiwar movement.

Strictly speaking, I'm not sure that either side's opinion of the man is entirely correct. It doesn't seem likely to me that Lt. Watada is a coward. He has offered to deploy to Afghanistan, because he evidently believes that there are legitimate links between Al-Quieda, the Taliban, and the 9/11 attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. He is apparently satisfied that the evidence, before and after the invasion of Afghanistan, was compelling enough to support U.S. military action in that country.

Where Iraq is concerned, his opinion is quite different. In a recent video statement posted at YouTube.com, he explained that he was initially persuaded that the threat of Weapons of Mass Destruction in Iraq was valid. But later, as intensive searches failed to locate the much-publicized WMDs, Watada became increasingly convinced that President Bush lied to the American public in order to justify his plans for invading Iraq.

Watada's defense attorney has pointed out that his client is not a conscientious objector. Watada does not object to any and all war, just to a specific conflict: the war in Iraq. In a different country with a different set of provocations, Watada would be willing to go into combat and fight. If true, this would appear to eliminate cowardice as the source of the man's motivation. It also makes Watada a lousy example for the peace movement. He's not a peace-at-all-costs kind of guy. He's expressed his willingness to pick up a weapon and fight. He just doesn't want to do it in this particular country, under these particular circumstances.

I've read a number of editorials and blogs suggesting that Watada is a plant of the antiwar movement. A significant number of people appear to be convinced that he joined the Army under false pretenses. They claim that he never intended to go into combat, and that he's been positioning himself to make just this sort of antiwar stand since the day he raised his right hand and took his oath of service.

As a career military man, I almost find this line of thought comforting. It would mean that one of our own did not turn against us. It would mean that an imposter crept into our midst under false colors, and carried out a pre-existing plan that had nothing to do with the men and women who have stepped forward with the genuine desire to serve.

But as reassuring as that thought might be, I have no way of knowing if it's true. Only Ehren K. Watada knows what was in his heart when he made the decision to join the service. I cannot look into the man's soul and examine his motivations. Neither can anyone else. No one can do that but him. Given no evidence to the contrary, I'm inclined to take the man at his word. No matter how far astray he's allowed himself to be led since accepting his commission in the Army, I think his initial desire to serve was genuine.

I utterly disagree with Mr. Watada's opinions on the legality of the U.S. presence in Iraq. I take serious issue with some of his claims regarding the conduct of American Soldiers in the Middle East, and I'm frankly appalled by many of his public statements. Even so, I'm willing to concede the possibility that his stance on Iraq is sincere, no matter how misguided I think it is.

Those of us who are staunchly pro-defense have a tendency to demonize any service member who refuses an order. When that order involves an assignment to combat duty, we really get spun up. We become awfully quick to invoke cowardice, or lack of patriotism, or even a personal agenda. And often, the root cause of the disobedience may include one or more of those factors. But "often" does not mean "always." History is replete with examples of people who violated the law of the land for what they considered to be the most noble of reasons.

As a formal ideology, civil disobedience goes back at least as far as Henry David Thoreau's 1849 essay Resistance to Civil Government. In that essay and in subsequent writings, Thoreau expressed the belief that no person should ever allow any government or law to overrule his or her own conscience. Laws can be wrong, he reasoned, and governments can inflict tremendous harm, whether through outright malice or simple lack of wisdom. Thoreau maintained that all people have a duty to avoid becoming accomplices to acts of injustice, no matter how much pressure their governments or laws bring to bear. He believed that it's better to violate an unjust law and suffer the consequences than to obey that law and sacrifice your moral and ethical beliefs.

Although Thoreau seems to have given civil disobedience its formal basis, human beings have been putting the concept into practice since the stone masons of Mesopotamia carved Hammurabi's first code of laws into the pylons of ancient Babylon. The idea did not begin with Thoreau, and it certainly didn't end with him.

When Rosa Parks refused to surrender her bus seat to a white man in December of 1955, she was practicing civil disobedience. She was breaking a law that she believed to be wrong, and she did so knowing that her act of defiance would land her in jail. The Montgomery bus boycott that followed was another example of civil disobedience. The boycotters knew that they were facing jail or worse, but they believed that doing the right thing was more important than doing the legal thing.

Mahatma Gandhi made civil disobedience a cornerstone of his non-violent Indian independence movement. Gandhi and many thousands of his fellow Indians were imprisoned for violating British law. They felt that the reward for their disobedience would ultimately outweigh any punishment or consequences that the British government could subject them to. They believed that justice was more important than law.

The examples I've tossed out here were all civilian in nature, and they all occurred under conditions other than combat. Do the same principles apply to a service member on active duty? More specifically, does a Soldier have the right to practice civil disobedience? Does he or she have the right to refuse an order?

For many military personnel, the knee-jerk response to that last question is no. A Soldier follows orders. Period. That's the nature of military discipline. You don't discuss it; you don't vote on it; and you don't call home to mom to see if it's okay. You square your shoulders, suck in your gut, and carry out your orders.

But when we get past the automatic reaction, military personnel know that there's another layer to the onion. The real answer is that Soldiers are required to follow lawful orders. In point of fact, they are required to refuse unlawful (illegal) orders. The sticky part lies in telling the difference. Although all service members receive regular training on military rights, responsibilities, and the Uniform Code of Military Justice, the average Marine or Soldier or Airman is not an expert on military law.

When in doubt as to the legality of a particular order, the official solution is to consult the chain of command. Basically, the service member presents the issue to the officer or non-commissioned officer above his or her superior, who is then required to take the matter further up the chain of command until a formal determination of legality can be made. If the service member's chain of command happens to be the source of the problem, the UCMJ specifies the procedure for taking such disagreements outside and above the member's immediate chain of command.

Unfortunately, the procedures for redress require hours, days, or even months to work, depending on how far up the chain the problem has to go. Under conditions of combat, even seconds can be critical. Five seconds spent pondering the legality of an order may cost human lives, or tip the balance of success in a crucial battle. This puts military personnel in the unenviable position of having to make life-altering moral and ethical decisions in mere fractions of a second. I'm proud to say that I think our troops accomplish this nearly-impossible task with extraordinary skill and grace. With a handful of notable exceptions, our guys get it right most of the time, and they manage to do it under conditions that the rest of us can scarcely imagine.

When he made the decision to disobey his orders, 1st Lt. Ehren Watada wasn't operating under a split-second life-or-death clock, and he wasn't struggling with the pressures of combat. He had ample time to consider the probable results of his chosen course of action, and plenty of opportunity to decide if he was willing to pay the penalty for his decision to disobey orders.

He would have us believe that his motivations were ethical and legal. Although I haven't yet heard him utter the words, he appears to regard his violation of military law as an act of civil disobedience. Maybe it is. But one of the core tenets of civil disobedience is the willingness to face the repercussions of violating the law. Anything less is just posturing for the television cameras.

If Watada truly believes he's doing the right thing, that he's making a personal sacrifice for what is right, he should face his punishment with his head held high. He should wear his incarceration as a badge of honor, as have so many activists who came before him. Instead, he's jumping through every legal hoop imaginable to avoid the penalties for his actions.

When you break the law, you pay the price, even if the law itself is wrong. Rosa Parks knew that and accepted it. Mahatma Gandhi knew it, and he accepted it. So did Susan B. Anthony, Martin Luther King Jr., and a few hundred thousand other protesters and social activists, most of whom we'll never know by name.

I'm beginning to get the impression that Mr. Watada hopes to shortcut the process. It seems to me that his plan is to break the law and then skip right past the ramifications to his victory speech. I'm fairly certain that real life doesn't work that way.

First lieutenant Watada made the conscious decision to let his troops go into battle without him. If he's going to make a personal sacrifice, it can't just be a token gesture. It has to be the real thing. Because the men and women of his unit aren't facing a token threat. They're putting their lives on the line, and -- unless they log on to YouTube or the antiwar blog sites -- the officer who was sworn to protect and lead them is nowhere to be found.


TOPICS: Foreign Affairs; Government
KEYWORDS: antiwar; watada
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If Watada truly believes he's doing the right thing, that he's making a personal sacrifice for what is right, he should face his punishment with his head held high. He should wear his incarceration as a badge of honor, as have so many activists who came before him. Instead, he's jumping through every legal hoop imaginable to avoid the penalties for his actions.

While Watada may not be a coward, I believe the writer is correct in saying the LT is trying to avoid taking responsibility for his actions.

1 posted on 03/04/2007 2:38:06 PM PST by jazusamo
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To: jazusamo

What would his beliefs be if he was facing a firing squad, like the good old days?


2 posted on 03/04/2007 2:40:13 PM PST by xcamel (Press to Test, Release to Detonate)
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To: pandoraou812; RedRover

Ping!


3 posted on 03/04/2007 2:40:53 PM PST by jazusamo (http://warchronicle.com/TheyAreNotKillers/DefendOurMarines.htm)
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To: jazusamo
Watada should research the beginning of the Iraqi conflict. There was just a ceasefire in place, not a peace treaty which means that if the Iraqi's didn't conform to the ceasefire, hostilities can be restarted which they were 12 years later. It's the same setup as with North Korea - just a ceasefire in place .... we can go to war with NK at anytime and they with us .... Watada is a traitor to his country .....
4 posted on 03/04/2007 2:42:35 PM PST by SkyDancer ("Those That Would Rather Have Security Than Freedom Deserve Neither")
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To: xcamel

I'm sure they would be quite different and he wouldn't have been making speeches for the antiwar movement.


5 posted on 03/04/2007 2:43:41 PM PST by jazusamo (http://warchronicle.com/TheyAreNotKillers/DefendOurMarines.htm)
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To: jazusamo
That's right... Ehren Watada isn't a conscientious objector and he's not engaging in civil disobedience in that he's willing to accept punishment for breaking military regulations. Part and parcel of military life is owing up to the consequences of your actions. I think very little of a soldier who doesn't accept that if his disobeys an order, if that order was legally issued, he has to accept what punishment may be handed down by his superiors.

"Show me just what Mohammed brought that was new, and there you will find things only evil and inhuman, such as his command to spread by the sword the faith he preached." - Manuel II Palelologus

6 posted on 03/04/2007 2:45:49 PM PST by goldstategop (In Memory Of A Dearly Beloved Friend Who Lives In My Heart Forever)
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To: SkyDancer

True, and neither Watada, the antiwar movement or the Dem party talk about that aspect of the Iraq War.


7 posted on 03/04/2007 2:46:19 PM PST by jazusamo (http://warchronicle.com/TheyAreNotKillers/DefendOurMarines.htm)
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To: jazusamo

Just hang him.


8 posted on 03/04/2007 2:47:17 PM PST by jocko12
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To: TigersEye

Ping


9 posted on 03/04/2007 2:50:15 PM PST by pandoraou812 ( zero tolerance to the will of Allah ...... dilligaf? with an efg.....)
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To: jazusamo
Watada has stated in numerous public appearances that the war in Iraq is illegal, and that any order to participate in a criminal act is -- by its very nature -- a violation of the law.

On what basis is it illegal? (I don't mean the usual liberal mantra.) What was illegal about it...what law was broken?

10 posted on 03/04/2007 2:50:20 PM PST by tsmith130
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To: jazusamo
All the smoke and mirrors surrounding Watanabe can be cleared by a simple question..

Did he refuse service in Iraq prior to be ordered to go there...

If he can show he in writing stated his objections and submitted them to his Chain of Command prior to receiving orders I will concede he has standing to challenge the lawfulness of his deployment.

Failing that as Officer he knowingly held a billet in which he would not serve thereby denying the proper resources and training to the Officer that had to take his place.. jeopardizing the lives of those around him of all ranks.

That alone makes him a coward not a man of conscience.

W
11 posted on 03/04/2007 2:54:43 PM PST by WLR ("fugit impius nemine persequente iustus autem quasi leo confidens absque terrore erit")
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To: WLR

Put in that perspective I believe you're correct, the men that were under him are now in Iraq serving their country.


12 posted on 03/04/2007 2:59:29 PM PST by jazusamo (http://warchronicle.com/TheyAreNotKillers/DefendOurMarines.htm)
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To: jazusamo
Watada is a fraud.

Congress authorized the war. That makes it legal.

Everything else is just sophistry on his part.

Toss him in Leavenworth and throw away the key.

L

13 posted on 03/04/2007 2:59:30 PM PST by Lurker (Calling islam a religion is like calling a car a submarine.)
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To: WLR

Little Watada is just a coward with an agenda. His daddy pulled the same crap during Vietnam. He is just the new generation pussy.


14 posted on 03/04/2007 2:59:33 PM PST by Hunterb
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To: Lurker
Toss him in Leavenworth and throw away the key.

IMO he deserves the maximum sentence and should serve every day of it.

15 posted on 03/04/2007 3:02:38 PM PST by jazusamo (http://warchronicle.com/TheyAreNotKillers/DefendOurMarines.htm)
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To: tsmith130
What was illegal about it...what law was broken?

No law was broken. Congress duly authorized this war in Iraq. In fact they authorized it twice, once under Clinton and once under Bush.

Watada is a liar.

He deserves the maximum sentence, preferably at hard labor.

L

16 posted on 03/04/2007 3:04:27 PM PST by Lurker (Calling islam a religion is like calling a car a submarine.)
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To: jazusamo
Watada has stated in numerous public appearances that the war in Iraq is illegal, and that any order to participate in a criminal act is -- by its very nature -- a violation of the law. Members of the U.S. military are required by law and by duty to refuse illegal orders, a fact that 1st Lt. Watada refers to frequently. He claims that he had no other option as a faithful Army officer; he had to disobey the order to deploy.

Under Just War Doctrine, this is not true. Troops are not required to judge the justness of a war. They incur no fault even if they do participate in an unjust war. Their responsibility is to wage the war justly. That is, attack only legitimate targets, and minimize collateral damage. They incur fault by failing to wage war justly. Watada should have agreed to do that, rather than getting in over his head on the question of justness of the war.

17 posted on 03/04/2007 3:07:20 PM PST by JoeFromSidney
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To: JoeFromSidney

All good points and both Watada and his attorney Seitz know it. That's why his attorney is now trying to have the case dismissed because of double jeopardy due to the mistrial, they'll lose on that too.


18 posted on 03/04/2007 3:13:04 PM PST by jazusamo (http://warchronicle.com/TheyAreNotKillers/DefendOurMarines.htm)
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To: jazusamo

In most instances, as long as it is "Not Dangerous, Illegal or Immoral", a soldier must execute the orders of those appointed over them and seek redress after obeying. A soldier does not interpert but rather obeys, thereby ensuring the good order, morale and conduct of the unit. Very few directives contain anything dangerous to oneseld, illegal in nature or imoral to society. In war, dangerous is different from training, is what is illegal in civil society is different on the specific Geneva Conventions signed by the US (and not the EUropean ratified version), and immoral has more to do with acts against nature than with killing.


19 posted on 03/04/2007 3:21:57 PM PST by Jumper
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To: WLR
My quibble with the article:

"It doesn't seem likely to me that Lt. Watada is a coward. He has offered to deploy to Afghanistan, because he evidently believes that there are legitimate links between Al-Quieda, the Taliban, and the 9/11 attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon."

The author so easily dismisses Watada's cowardice because Watada claims he would deploy (providing the deployment met his prerequisites). Sounds just like another notorious coward, John F'n Kerry. Kerry was set on a draft dodging path until he managed to arrange his circumstance such that he wasn't subject to action. At a point when he (incorrectly) judged Swiftboat duty to be non-threatening he volunteered. When he discovered that it wasn't what he signed up for, he manufactured his bogus purple hearts and, by extension, his escape from VN.

Kerry can claim to be anything he wants, but the truth is that he is a coward who exposed his shipmates to danger due to his (in)actions.

Watada wants things to be the way he wants things to be. He is going to be sorely disappointed!
20 posted on 03/04/2007 3:24:14 PM PST by rockrr (Never argue with a man who buys ammo in bulk...)
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