FReeper Canteen ~ Part IX of The Mongols ~ January 4, 2005

www.coldsiberia.org ^ | January 4, 2005 | LaDivaLoca

[LaDivaLoca]

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ANCIENT WARFARE





Part IX of The Mongols

Genghis Khan

The Mongolians of the 12^th and 13^th century were seen as nothing more than savage barbarians by their enemies, who inhabited what is now China, Russia, and the Middle East (Nicolle 7). Because the Mongolians were brutal and because Mongol history was mostly recorded by Mongol victims, this view has lasted almost eight hundred years (Nicolle 7). However under their greatest leader, Genghis Khan, the Mongolians were much more than wild and undisciplined crushers of cities, agriculture, and established civilizations. Genghis Khan created more than he destroyed. A military genius, Genghis led methodical campaigns that first brought together the warring tribes of Mongolia into a nation and then conquered Mongolia’s powerful neighboring empires (USA Today 1). Not only did Genghis create Mongolia the ruler brought education, including Mongolia’s first written language, and a code of laws to the country (USA Today 1). Finally, Genghis Khan laid the foundation for the Mongol Empire, one of the greatest empires of all time (Marshall 64-65). Heritage of Genghis Khan

Genghis Khan was born "Temuchin" around 1167 (Marshall 24). The name was taken from one of the Tartars (a rival nomadic tribe) who Temuchin’s father, Yesugei, had killed (Nicolle 17-18). According to legend, Temuchin was born holding a blood clot in his fist (Lister 18). This was considered to be a symbol that the child would be a heroic fighter (Lister 18). Temuchin became head of the family at the age of just 12 or 13 after Yesugei was slain by a group of Tartars (Nicolle 17). Yesugei had been a lesser chief of the Borjigin clan but the clan rejected the young Temuchin as leader and cast his family out (Nicolle 17). For a period of time Temuchin’s family lived in extreme poverty but through courageous deeds, such as escaping capture and retrieving stolen horses, Temuchin was able to attract followers and build a reputation that spread across Mongolia (geocities.com 2-3).

In addition to many followers Temuchin was also able to attract two strong allies. The most important was Yesugei’s blood brother Togrul, leader of the Kereit tribe, one of the most powerful Mongolian tribes at that time (Humphrey 39). Togrul helped gather together Yesguei’s followers under Temuchin when the Merkits (another Mongolian tribe) kidnapped Temichin’s wife Borte (Humphrey 39). Matters of "honor" and "revenge" were the source of much tribal conflict and the motive for this kidnapping (Lister 68-69). Yesugei’s wife had been taken from the Merkits and so Borte was taken to even the score (Nicolle 18). In the end this benefited Temuchin enormously since Togrul also convinced Jamuga (a childhood friend of Temuchin who now led a large tribe) to join Temuchin and Togrul in a war against the Merkits (Humphrey 44). The three men defeated the Merkits and retrieved Borte (Humphrey 44). This was Temuchin's first command and the victory greatly improved his image and increased his power (Marshall 27-28). Large numbers of young, devoted warriors were drawn to him (Lister 102-103). After Jamuga helped Temuchin defeat the Merkits the friendship was renewed and followers were combined (Humphrey 46). When the two strong leaders came into conflict and separated about a year and a half later many of Jamuga’s followers decided to remain with Temuchin (Humphrey 46). At the age of about twenty Temuchin was declared "Khan," or ruler, of several tribes (Lister 99-101). Genghis Khan

Next Tuesday Conclusion of The Mongols: Ghenghis Khan

[MS.BEHAVIN]

Good night dear friend..
Sleep well!
Hugs!
Ms.B

[TASMANIANRED]

Thank you Star.

[HiJinx]

http://www.wwiimemorial.com

Okay, so how did Ms. Fawnn know I would have this?

[MS.BEHAVIN]

'Cuz yer cacklin like a madwoman?
Ms.B

[Brad’s Gramma]

THANK YOU THANK YOU THANK YOU THANK YOU THANK YOU!!!!!!!!!!

[TASMANIANRED]

It doesn't seem right that after doing the depression, Saving the World from fascism, before getting on with their lives that they should just flicker out.

God Bless them all, You said it very well, Thank you

[HiJinx]

My pleasure, Grammie!

Now, seriously, I'm going to find myself in the doghouse if I don't tear myself away from this PC and get myself back to the bedroom.

Mrs. HJ is just coming out of the worst part of her chest cold, and she really needs some cuddling. Or I do. I'm not sure which...I'm just sure I don't like the idea of the doghouse.

G'Night, all!

[Brad’s Gramma]

You can't read this till morning. I won't let you.






Good morning HiJinx! Did you have a good night's sleep?

[international american]

BUMP!

[Fawnn]

I'm pretty sure you gave it to somebody else recently. (Didn't you? LOL) ;)

[MS.BEHAVIN]

Good night Grammie!
Good night Ma!
Good night Canteeners and Troops!
God Bless and keep you, always...
Much Love and many thanks!
Spotsybelle...
Say Jetta prayers for me!!??
Hugs to all..
Ms.B

[Fawnn]

Dream your good dreams!!!

[Fawnn]

ME!!! #150!!!

[ariamne]

LOL! OH brother, I have a feeling this will be a many-year commitment! Buckle up family...

[MS.BEHAVIN]

WOO HOO!!
150!!!
I GOTTA GET SOME WOO HOOS!
LOL
Ms.B

[Kathy in Alaska]

Happy Birthday to The Sailor!!

This was your 1st cake, but MoJo ate it, so here's another.

[SevenofNine]

Well Wash Post reporting that Dubya is plan to limited benefits in social security for future workers


Also report off UK telegraph reporting that start next Month Germany going limited how much jack to give unemployer worker

You know what I didnt' realize this I watching European journal do you know it more profitable stay unemployed than look for a JOB

Yeah I am serious
YOu get more benefit if you stay jobless over six months
I could understand why Germany is failing

[Kathy in Alaska]

Observed at Baghdad, Iraq
Scattered clouds 62° F Low: 50° F

Observed at Mosul, Iraq
Chance of rain 50° F Low: 41° F

[Fawnn]

Happy HAPPY Happy Birthday,
The Sailor!!!

[Brad’s Gramma]

You haven't a clue.... :)

I'm glad to have met you tonight.

And with that, everyone, I'm logging off and going to bed.

God bless each of you...especially our troops!!!

Night!