FReeper Canteen ~ Part II of The Mongols ~ November 16, 2004

www.coldsiberia.org ^ | November 16, 2004 | LaDivaLoca

[LaDivaLoca]

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ANCIENT WARFARE





Part II of The Mongols

Mongol Military Might

Mediaeval historians used to assert that the Mongol military superiority was due to their overwhelming numbers. As we are now aware of, this is incorrect, and assertions of Mongol numerical superiority must be interpreted as partly a specious excuse for European inferiority when fighting against the Mongols in the battlefield. Even though they never fought against the most powerful warriors who ever existed in the West, the Celts, there is no doubt that the Mongols proved superior to all those whom they met in battle.

Quality, not quantity, was the key to the incredible unbroken line of Mongolian military successes. Since the spiritual aspects of this phenomenon has been covered elsewhere on these pages, what will be elucidated here is the technical details of their military performance, their equipment and their use of it.

Organization

Although supreme command lay in the hands of the Supreme Khan, the high Mongol principle of promotion to posts of leadership and authority on the basis of ability alone, introduced and enforced by Chingis Khan, resulted in an unmatched quality of troops from the ordinary soldiers to the top command. Each Mongol warrior was simply incomparably superior to their Western counterparts. This exceedingly high quality ensured the competence and integrity of the commanding leaders. Thus, leaders at every level could always be entrusted with a high degree of independence in the decisions and in the execution of the different moves and operations.

After the death of Chingis Khan in 1227, none of his successors inherited his genius. For this reason, the real command of the large armies rested with the generals he picked when he was still alive, although the princes of the blood held the nominal command. The diamond among all the generals of Chingis Khan was Subedei, whose mastery of every aspect of warfare, such as intelligence, psychological warfare, military tactics and strategy and logistics, won him a place in history as the mastermind of the great Mongol campaign in Russia and Europe during 1236-1242. Subedei as a man personified the best characteristics of the Mongol forces: caution, high intuition, great intelligence and understanding, mobility, alertness, speed and power. Other eminent Mongol generals worthy of note are Chepe and Muqali, the latter did much to secure Mongol victories in China.

The organization of the army was based on the decimal system. The largest unit was the tjumen, which was made up of 10.000 troops. A large army used to consist of three tjumens (Plural form t'ma in Mongolian), one consisting of infantry troops who were to perform close combat, the two others were meant to encircle the opponent from both sides. Each tjumen consisted of ten regiments, each of 1.000 troops. The 1.000 strong unit was called a mingghan. Each of these regiments consisted of ten squadrons of 100 troops, called jaghun, each of which was divided into ten units of ten, called arban. There was also an elite tjumen, an imperial guard which was composed of specially trained and selected troops. As for the command structure, the ten soldiers of each arban elected their commander by majority vote, and all of the ten commanders of the ten arbans of a tjumen elected the commander of a jaghunby the same procedure. Above that level, the khan personally appointed the commanders of each tjumen and mingghan. This appointment was made on criteria of ability, not age or social origin.

The commanders of tjumens and mingghans had the military title of noyon. A commander of a whole army, which as mentioned typically consisted of three tjumens or more of light cavalry and in addition several mingghans of artillery, carried the title of orlok. In other words, the orlok was the commanding general.

source: http://www.coldsiberia.org/monmight.htm

Next Tuesday, Part III of The Mongols

[Kathy in Alaska]

A PRAYER OF PROTECTION

The light of God surround you
The love of God enfold you
The power of God protect you
The presence of God watch over you
Wherever you are,God is,
And all is well.
Amen.

Bless This House

Bless this house O Lord we pray;
Make it safe by night and day;
Bless these walls so firm and stout,
Keeping want and trouble out:
Bless the roof and chimneys tall,
Let thy peace lie over all;
Bless this door, that it may prove
ever open to joy and love.


Bless these windows shining bright,
Letting in God's heav'nly light;
Bless the hearth a'blazing there,
with smoke ascending like a prayer;
Bless the folk who dwell within,
keep them pure and free from sin;
Bless us all that we may be
Fit O Lord to dwell with thee;
Bless us all that one day we
May dwell O Lord with thee.

(Click on praying hands above, or on banner at the top to hear the music)

A PRAYER OF PROTECTION

The light of God surround you
The love of God enfold you
The power of God protect you
The presence of God watch over you
Wherever you are,God is,
And all is well.
Amen.

Bless This House

Bless this house O Lord we pray;
Make it safe by night and day;
Bless these walls so firm and stout,
Keeping want and trouble out:
Bless the roof and chimneys tall,
Let thy peace lie over all;
Bless this door, that it may prove
ever open to joy and love.


Bless these windows shining bright,
Letting in God's heav'nly light;
Bless the hearth a'blazing there,
with smoke ascending like a prayer;
Bless the folk who dwell within,
keep them pure and free from sin;
Bless us all that we may be
Fit O Lord to dwell with thee;
Bless us all that one day we
May dwell O Lord with thee.

(Click on praying hands above, or on banner at the top to hear the music)

[tomkow6]

1982 5th Space Shuttle Mission-Columbia 5-lands at Edwards AFB

 

[Kathy in Alaska]

~ Robert ~

~ A Military Family Member's Wife ~

~ Luke ~

~ Billy ~

~ Britton ~

Thank you to each of these heroes for their dedication and sacrifice for America. We thank all the rest of our Troops whose pictures are not listed here. We extend our gratitude to you and your families. God Bless America! God Bless our Troops! God Bless our Allies! (If you would like to have your family member's picture posted everyday, please FReepmail me.)

[Kathy in Alaska]

Seven.....#50!!

[Kathy in Alaska]

beach.....#100!!

[E.G.C.]

((HUGS))Good morning, Kathy. You finally woke up. How's it going?:-D

[beachn4fun]

LOL. Why Tom you look so much younger since you moved Chicago to Canada (LOL)

[beachn4fun]

WOW, you are our very own Norton "troll" virus protection! Good hunting

[BykrBayb]

Good morning Kathy.

Billy called last night, and I was actually here to answer the phone! He told me he was going out to sea again. I told him I'd gone to NYC for a few to days with one of his uncles. He told me there were other guys waiting to make calls. "I love you. Tell Dad I love him." "I love you too." The whole call took about 30 seconds. Next time he comes home on leave, I hope I don't crush his bones from hugging him too hard.

[beachn4fun]

PAPYRUS....YUP!

[Kathy in Alaska]

Oh boy, Arrowhead. Just what I need for breakfast that I can eat on the way to work. Feast or famine with the rain. Hope you had a good 5 day weekend. Good to see you today. Thanks for helping keep Texas and the USA safe. And thanks for helping honor our military, past and present.

[Kathy in Alaska]

[beachn4fun]

Gee Ma. Can I read your Male after you're done?

[beachn4fun]

Hiya SW.

[beachn4fun]

FLAG on the field. Un-necessary posting. 15 yard penalty. TOM......go to your corner! TIME OUT!

[Kathy in Alaska]

Hey, tom...is Ma up yet?

Hello.....she's awake now!!! Someone pushed the snooze button. This post will needed to be revisited. *sigh*

2 of my favorite tv guys in one place. OK....I'm late. See all you boys later.

[tomkow6]

[beachn4fun]

ANOTHER flag on the field. Unlike sportsmanship. 5 yard penalty. TOM.....go to your corner. Another 5 minutes time out!

[Radix]

Amphibious armored vehicles from the 1st Battalion, 3rd Marine Regiment, drive behind an escort Thursday as they arrive to receive supplies for Marines fighting in downtown Fallujah.

Fallujah is the latest city to open up a "Duck Tour" service for out-of-towners.

 

Lance Cpl. Garrett Anderson rests his eyes Thursday after two exhausting days conducting house-to-house searches in Fallujah, Iraq.

Darn, I think that I left the oven on in that last house.

Marines escort suspected insurgents captured in Fallujah during pitched street battles in the city’s neighborhoods on Friday.

Come on Haji, Take the Pepsi Challenge in here, and if you get it right  you win a one year supply of diet soda.

A Marine maintains security on a driveway as leathernecks from the 1st Battalion, 3rd Marine Regiment, search a house in Fallujah, Iraq, on Thursday.

After a long day at the office, some of the Troops like to sit around and have a nice fireside chat.

A Marine from Alpha Company, 1st Battalion, 3rd Marine Regiment, makes his way down a street in Fallujah, Iraq, on Thursday.

A few of the Troops were astonished at the size of the Asian mosquitoes, and other insects in the region.

Iraqi soldiers take off their boots before searching a mosque in the western part of Fallujah on Saturday. 

Unfortunately the ruck-sacks do not have room for bowling shoes, so the Troops had to pay the rental fee before entering the Arcade.

  

Marines from 1st Division take up positions overlooking the western part of Fallujah, Iraq, on Saturday.

Hey Sarge, from way up here all of the insurgents look like ants.

Lance Cpl. Nathan Horton, left, and Gunnery Sgt. Doug Berry escort a pair of Iraqi detainees during operations in Fallujah, Iraq.

Recent events have suddenly cleared up the mystery of the linen shortages which the local hospitals and hotels have been experiencing.

 

A Marine with Charlie Company, 1st Marine Battalion, 8th Marine Regiment, conducts mop-up duty at a house in Fallujah, Iraq.

Sweeping, vacuuming, and dusting were designated to be the responsibility of Alpha and Bravo Companies.

Iraqis walk through the Abu Ghraib section of Baghdad on Saturday as a U.S. tank blocks vehicle traffic through the area. Some roads were sealed after overnight clashes between U.S. forces and insurgents nearby.

After the roads were properly sealed, another crew came along and began the line painting.

 

A U.S. soldier guards the scene of a collision between an armored vehicle and two civilian vehicles in Baghdad on Saturday. 

Some of the Troops have yet to master the "art" of parallel parking!

A B-25 Mitchell bomber flies over Nellis Air Force Base, Nev., during a D-Day re-enactment at the Aviation Nation air show in Las Vegas on Saturday.

 The newest casinos in Las Vegas have free air shows as an enticement for visitors.

 

Streamers explode into the air to celebrate the christening of the destroyer USS Bainbridge at Bath Iron Works in Bath, Maine, on Saturday. The warship is the 25th Arleigh Burke-class guided missile destroyer to be built by the firm, and the fifth Navy ship to be named for Commodore William Bainbridge, according to officials.

The latest state of the art Destroyers are protected by an outer layer of silly string which is the newest innovation.

U.S. Marines hold up their weapons as they cross Falluja bridge before entering the centre of the war-torn city November 16, 2004.

Hey Iraqi insurgents, maybe you wouldn't have the Marines in your face if you were not so busy decorating your bridge with our civilians.

 

US soldiers from the 3rd Battalion 21st regiment of the Stryker Brigade on patrol in the northern Iraqi city of Mosul.

Even though there are a lot of risks being in the military stationed in hostile areas some of the Troops are still willing to take risks and have not cut back on their smoking habits.

[blackie]

Hot black Coffee with Kathy and The Mongols ~ Bump!