Free Republic
Browse · Search
General/Chat
Topics · Post Article

Skip to comments.

Astronomy Picture of the Day - Andromeda before Photoshop
NASA ^ | 27 Sep. 2026 | Image Credit: Kees Scherer

Posted on 09/27/2026 12:29:58 PM PDT by MtnClimber

Explanation: What does the Andromeda galaxy really look like? The featured image shows how our Milky Way Galaxy's closest major galactic neighbor really appears in a long exposure through Earth's busy skies and with a digital camera that introduces normal imperfections. The picture is a stack of 223 images, each a 300 second exposure, taken from a garden observatory in Portugal during 2019. Obvious image deficiencies include bright parallel airplane trails, long and continuous satellite trails, short cosmic ray streaks, and bad pixels. These imperfections were actually not removed with Photoshop specifically, but rather greatly reduced with a series of computer software packages that included Astro Pixel Processor, DeepSkyStacker, and PixInsight. All of this work was done not to deceive you with a digital fantasy that has little to do with the real likeness of the Andromeda galaxy (M31), but to minimize Earthly artifacts that have nothing to do with the distant galaxy and so better recreate what M31 really does look like.


TOPICS: Astronomy; Astronomy Picture of the Day; Science
KEYWORDS: apod; nasa
Message from Jim Robinson:

Dear FRiends,

We need your continuing support to keep FR funded. Your donations are our sole source of funding. No sugar daddies, no advertisers, no paid memberships, no commercial sales, no gimmicks, no tax subsidies. No spam, no pop-ups, no ad trackers.

If you enjoy using FR and agree it's a worthwhile endeavor, please consider making a contribution today:

Click here: to donate by Credit Card

Or here: to donate by PayPal

Or by mail to: Free Republic, LLC - PO Box 9771 - Fresno, CA 93794

Thank you very much and God bless you,

Jim

To be added or removed from the Astronomy Picture of the Day ping list please send me a request via "Private Reply" (Mail).

For more detail go to the link and click on the image for a high definition image. You can then move the magnifying glass cursor then click to zoom in and click again to zoom out. When zoomed in you can scan by moving the side bars on the bottom and right side of the image.

1 posted on 09/27/2026 12:29:58 PM PDT by MtnClimber
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | View Replies]

To: MtnClimber

2 posted on 09/27/2026 12:30:20 PM PDT by MtnClimber (For photos of scenery, wildlife and climbing, click on my screen name for my FR home page.)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 1 | View Replies]

To: MtnClimber

3 posted on 09/27/2026 12:30:43 PM PDT by MtnClimber (For photos of scenery, wildlife and climbing, click on my screen name for my FR home page.)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 2 | View Replies]

To: 21stCenturion; 21twelve; 31R1O; 4everontheRight; A Navy Vet; A_perfect_lady; abb; AFB-XYZ; ...
Pinging the APOD list

đŸȘ 🌟 🌌 🍔

4 posted on 09/27/2026 12:31:26 PM PDT by MtnClimber (For photos of scenery, wildlife and climbing, click on my screen name for my FR home page.)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 3 | View Replies]

To: MtnClimber

I hate to break your heart, but youre not seeing whats obvious me... the consistency of stars, how the stars are spaced throughout the whole picture never changes even towards the center of the galaxy. they are only covered by an ecliptic shaped fog which contains not one single star. there should be millions in the spiral arms.

Its another bullshit art rendition being passed off as real. Andromeda is not a disc of gas. there are millions of stars in it...


5 posted on 09/27/2026 12:44:09 PM PDT by sit-rep (I may be Dumb, but I'm not Stupid!)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 3 | View Replies]

To: sit-rep

Andromeda is 260,000 light years across. You have to zoom in really close to see individual stars.


6 posted on 09/27/2026 12:47:45 PM PDT by MtnClimber (For photos of scenery, wildlife and climbing, click on my screen name for my FR home page.)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 5 | View Replies]

To: MtnClimber

I apologize... I was just scolded by AI that what I am assuming are background stars are all foreground stars...

(...running for cover arms shielding head!)...


7 posted on 09/27/2026 12:59:02 PM PDT by sit-rep (I may be Dumb, but I'm not Stupid!)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 6 | View Replies]

To: sit-rep
Here is a good video of zooming in on Andromeda. The only thing you can see from a far zoom are foreground stars, background galaxies, orbiting cluster galaxies or supernovas. Zoomed all the way, most stars are just small dots.

Youtube: gigapixels of andromeda 4k

8 posted on 09/27/2026 1:11:06 PM PDT by MtnClimber (For photos of scenery, wildlife and climbing, click on my screen name for my FR home page.)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 7 | View Replies]

To: MtnClimber

Wow.


9 posted on 09/27/2026 1:18:55 PM PDT by No name given ( Anonymous is who you’ll know me as )
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 2 | View Replies]

To: MtnClimber

Whoa.


10 posted on 09/27/2026 1:19:01 PM PDT by No name given ( Anonymous is who you’ll know me as )
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 3 | View Replies]

To: MtnClimber

wow... kinda humbles ya dont it!? lol


11 posted on 09/27/2026 1:21:28 PM PDT by sit-rep (I may be Dumb, but I'm not Stupid!)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 8 | View Replies]

To: sit-rep

It does humble me. The Milky Way galaxy is about 100,000 light years across and has 100 to 400 billion stars. Andromeda Galaxy is about 260,000 light years across and has about 1 trillion stars (if you have a 1 gigapixel camera zoomed in to fill the frame that is about 1,000 stars per pixel of resolution). The largest known galaxy is Alcyoneus, which is about 16 million light-years across and is 3 billion light years away. The number of stars has not been estimated that I can find..


12 posted on 09/27/2026 1:37:30 PM PDT by MtnClimber (For photos of scenery, wildlife and climbing, click on my screen name for my FR home page.)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 11 | View Replies]

To: MtnClimber

Unfathomable...


13 posted on 09/27/2026 1:57:05 PM PDT by sit-rep (I may be Dumb, but I'm not Stupid!)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 12 | View Replies]

To: sit-rep

inconceivable.


14 posted on 09/27/2026 2:29:29 PM PDT by Doctor Congo
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 13 | View Replies]

To: Doctor Congo

You keep using that word...


15 posted on 09/27/2026 2:51:31 PM PDT by null and void (Iran Pres Masoud Pezeshkian: “Common sense is a good thing ... Common sense is really a good thing.")
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 14 | View Replies]

To: MtnClimber

I am still irked to have never found the galaxy, or at least it was too dim to make out.

I suck at stargazing.


16 posted on 09/27/2026 6:13:14 PM PDT by doorgunner69
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 1 | View Replies]

To: doorgunner69
First of all, you need a dark enough sky. A good star chart and even a pair of binoculars helps a lot. And patience.

Here is a link to a good chart- just scroll down the page-

https://deepskycorner.ch/obj/m31.en.php

Don’t go bigger than a pair of 10X50 binoculars- they get heavy after a while and will be hard to keep steady. A smaller pair will be easier to handle. Better yet, if you can mount them on a tripod, they will be much easier to deal with.

If you have really REALLY dark skies, you might be able to see it without binoculars, but you have to know where to look.

You don’t suck at stargazing; just be patient with yourself and enjoy being out under the stars. You’ll be amazed at what you can see
..🙂

17 posted on 09/27/2026 8:50:16 PM PDT by telescope115 (Ad Astra, Ad Deum
)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 16 | View Replies]

Disclaimer: Opinions posted on Free Republic are those of the individual posters and do not necessarily represent the opinion of Free Republic or its management. All materials posted herein are protected by copyright law and the exemption for fair use of copyrighted works.

Free Republic
Browse · Search
General/Chat
Topics · Post Article

FreeRepublic, LLC, PO BOX 9771, FRESNO, CA 93794
FreeRepublic.com is powered by software copyright 2000-2008 John Robinson