This Artifact Was Unknown Before Ötzi the Iceman [2:55]

--> YouTube-Generated Transcript <--
· Introduction
0:00 · What happens when you find something you've never seen before?
0:04 · In 1991, hikers walking along the Tyrolean Alps stumbled across a mummified body.
0:10 · This body would later become known as, Ötzi the Iceman, one of the
0:14 · world's most famous mummies who lived and died 5,300 years ago.
0:19 · Next to Ötzi, they found his belongings.
0:22 · But this object piqued the curiosity of archaeologists because they had never
0:27 · seen this kind of artifact before.
0:29 · Hi, I'm Dr. Smiti Nathan, and I'm an archaeologist.
0:32 · In this video, we're going to explore this artifact and how
0:36 · researchers pieced together not only what it was, but how it was used.
· Description
0:45 · When this object was initially found, researchers could tell it was a
0:49 · 12 centimeter long sharpened tool.
0:52 · When they did further analysis, they learned that this object was made
0:55 · from a piece of stripped European lime tretoucheur branch that had
0:58 · been sharpened at one end, similar to how a pencil would be sharpened.
1:02 · A fragment of black antler was then hammered into the core
1:06 · of the branch and is visible poking out of the sharpened end.
1:09 · Now, it's important to note that the black color of the antler.
1:12 · Likely occurred after the object was originally used.
1:16 · And this is likely due to chemical reactions that happen after the
1:20 · object was deposited into the ground.
· Use
1:23 · Since this type of artifact was unknown before the discovery of Ötzi, the
1:27 · objects use initially puzzled researchers.
1:30 · Researchers did a series of experiments and scientific analyses to figure
1:35 · out what this was based on their research, they think this object
1:39 · was used to sharpen flint blades.
1:42 · They called it a retoucheur, which comes from its use in shaping
1:46 · and retouching flint tools.
1:48 · The retoucheur has helped archaeologists to learn more about the tools
1:51 · and methods used to make them.
1:53 · During Ötzi's time when making a stone tool, Flint material would first be
1:58 · roughly hammered into the desired shape.
2:01 · In this case, it was likely a blade.
2:03 · The retoucheur was then used to make the form more precise and sharp.
2:08 · When tools became blunt, the retoucheur was used to sharpen them.
2:12 · And when the retoucheur itself became blunt, the anther point was sharpened
2:17 · like a pencil, ready to be used again.
· Outro
2:19 · Ötzi's mummified body and his belongings are located in the
2:23 · South Tyrol Museum of Archaeology.
2:25 · In addition to stone tools, Ötzi's clothing and undigested food
2:30 · remains in his intestines, help us reconstruct his life and death.
2:34 · You can learn more about this in our videos on lost socks and
2:38 · ancient diseases, both in which feature Ötzi, and are linked below.
2:42 · This video is part of our Artifact of the Day series where we take a quick look
2:45 · at one intriguing object from the past.
2:48 · If you're interested in watching another Artifact of the Day
2:51 · video, check out the video here.

For you who pretend not to have less than three minutes to spare to watch or just listen to the video, and like to complain about the YT generated transcript, here’s the author’s website transcript link:

https://smitinathan.com/this-artifact-was-unknown-before-otzi-the-iceman/

The rest of the four keywords (iceman, oetzi, otzi, theiceman), duplicates out, detritus out, sorted:

New DNA Study Examines Ötzi the Iceman's Neighbors [07/27/2025]
Iceman Reborn: A 5,000-Year-Old Murder Mystery [02/04/2024]
Genome Study Reveals That Iceman Ötzi Had Dark Skin and Male Pattern Baldness [08/24/2023]
New research on 5300-year-old Ötzi suggests there could be more ice mummies out there [11/12/2022]
Scientists reconstruct Ötzi the Iceman's frantic final climb [07/30/2021]
Who Was The The Mysterious Lady Of Bietikow And What Had She In Common With Ötzi Iceman? [11/07/2020]
Study Backs 5th-Century Historian's Date for Founding of Armenia [08/15/2020]
Scientists identify 5,300 year-old sinew bowstring used by Otzi the Iceman [01/12/2020]
Alongside Otzi the Iceman: a bounty of ancient mosses and liverworts [11/03/2019]
Otzi the Iceman's tools tell a story of desperation [04/08/2019]
What Otzi the Iceman's Tattoos Reveal About Copper Age Medical Practices [09/21/2018]
Salt of the Alps: ancient Austrian mine holds Bronze Age secrets [08/24/2018]
What Ötzi the Iceman ate before he was murdered [07/15/2018]
Ancient 'Iceman' shows signs of a well-balanced last meal [07/12/2018]
Otzi the iceman really was killed by an ARROW: Europe's oldest mummy (tr) [01/05/2018]
Who Killed the Iceman? Clues Emerge in a Very Cold Case [03/27/2017]
The Iceman's Stomach Bugs Offer Clues to Ancient Human Migration [01/07/2016]
New study of Iceman reveals oldest known example of red blood cells [05/09/2015]
Anthropologists Have Mapped All 61 Tattoos On Ötzi The Iceman [01/29/2015]
Scan finds new tattoos on 5300-year-old Iceman [01/24/2015]
Ötzi's non-human DNA: Opportunistic pathogen discovered in Iceman tissue biopsy [07/27/2014]
Chalcolithic catastrophe on the Mondsee [07/15/2014]
Positioning the Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) Hunted by the Tyrolean Iceman... [07/15/2014]
WWI: Two unknown soldiers (discovered in the Presena Glacier in the Italian Alps) [10/19/2013]
Scientists say Ötzi the Iceman has living relatives, 5,300 years later [10/16/2013]
Living Relatives Of Iceman Mummy Found (Ötzi, 5,300 Years Old) [10/14/2013]
Alpine Archaeology Reveals High Life Through the Ages [09/28/2013]
Otzi's Neandertal ancestry [05/18/2013]
Iceman Mummy Finds His Closest Relatives [11/11/2012]
Massive Gold Trove Sparks Archeological Dispute [06/21/2012]
Otzi the Iceman: scientists find 5,000-year-old blood sample [05/03/2012]
Ötzi the ice mummy's secrets found in DNA [02/29/2012]
Ice Mummy May Have Smashed Eye in Fall [12/05/2011]
Iceman Autopsy [10/29/2011]
Iceman stories begin arriving! [10/18/2011]
Iceman's 'Girlfriend' Found [ Lady of Introd ] [07/25/2011]
Iceman's Stomach Sampled -- Filled With Goat Meat [06/28/2011]
Scientists finally determine iceman Otzi's last meal [Ice Man] [06/22/2011]
The Iceman's Last Meal [06/20/2011]
Artists Recreate the Face Otzi, a 5,300-Year-Old Iceman Mummy [02/25/2011]
Iceman Oetzi gets a new face for 20th anniversary [02/21/2011]
Oetzi, the Iceman, was ceremonially buried: archaeologist [08/27/2010]
Otzi's secrets about to be revealed [07/27/2010]
Nanostructure of 5,000-year-old mummy skin reveals insight into mummification process [Oetzi] [04/22/2010]
Ötzi the iceman: Up close and personal [06/06/2009]
Pile village fortification found on Lake Biel [3,200 BC] [05/15/2009]
Doctors prove that the Iceman was shot to death in the Alps [ Oetzi ] [01/28/2009]
Iceman Oetzi's Last Supper [12/01/2008]
Scientists believe 5,300-year-old mummified 'ice man' belonged to unknown branch of human fam. tree [10/31/2008]
Ancient iceman probably has no modern relatives [10/30/2008]
Prehistoric Disaster: An Alpine Pompeii from the Stone Age [10/11/2008]
Archaeologists find bones from prehistoric war in Germany [10/11/2008]
Kwaday Dan Ts'inchi: Iceman's DNA Linked To Coastal Aboriginals (Canada) [04/26/2008]
Alpine Guardians Try To Put Treasures On Ice [04/17/2008]
Kwaday Dan Ts'inchi: Scientists Tantalize With 'Iceman' Findings (Canada) [04/04/2008]
Researcher's Say Italy's 5,000-Year-Old Iceman Died From Head Trauma, Not Arrow (Oetzi) [08/29/2007]
Scientists say 'Iceman' died from arrow [06/07/2007]
Tattoos - The Ancient And Mysterious History [01/03/2007]
An ancient art becomes mainstream: The acceptance of tattoo art helps remove former stigma [07/26/2006]
Alpine ice man may have been childless outcast [02/03/2006]
Infertility link in iceman's DNA [02/03/2006]
Death Renews Iceman 'Curse' Claim (Oetzi) [11/05/2005]
'Iceman' (Oetzi) Might Be Contaminated [06/14/2005]
Theory: Iceman Oetzi Wore High-Tech Shoes [03/02/2005]
Alpine Iceman (Oetzi) Reveals Stone Age Secrets [02/17/2005]
'Iceman' discoverer joins his find in Alpine grave [10/23/2004]
Finder of Tyrol "Iceman" missing in Alps [10/18/2004]
After 5,000 Years, the Mystery Of Fritz Just Won't End [02/03/2004]
Iceman (Oetzi) Discoverer Claims Reward [12/22/2003]
Was Ancient Alpine "Iceman" Killed in Battle? [11/02/2003]
Iceman's bones lead scientists to his home turf [10/31/2003]
Iceman Found in Italy Didn't Wander Far [10/30/2003]
Italy's 5,000-Year-Old Iceman Put Up a Fight [DNA of 4 foes, venison and ibex his final meal] [08/14/2003]
DNA reveals how the Italian Iceman went down fighting [08/12/2003]
'Iceman' was murdered, science sleuths say [08/12/2003]
Ice Man Cometh - From Italy (Oetzi) [07/26/2003]
ZOT: Don't Kill Our Hero [05/08/2003]
Secrets Of A Stone Age Rambo (Otzi, The Iceman) [05/05/2003]
Dozens of women want Bronze Age hunter's babies [04/25/2003]

She’s wrong..............

I read something about they ran his DNA and he had decedents living down in the city near where he was found.

Interesting

She’s wrong about what?

Thanks for your work on these things, and to heck with the complainers.

That it was used to flake flint for arrowheads and knives...............

My first guess would have been a pressure flaker used in flintknapping.

I think she was right, although I’ve never seen a tool like that before. It looks perfectly designed for delicate pressure flaking. On the edges. As in sharpening.

Hell, every flint knapper since the first one had something similar or exactly like that🤷🏼‍♂️

Is deer antler harder than flint? I don’t think so.

It’s an ‘awl’ for make holes in animal skins to sew them together and the notched end is for using a bow & string for drilling purposes..............

Deer antlers are great for pressure flaking flint tools.
So is a piece of seasoned hickory.

But a needle-sized piece?.............

Both bone and antler can be sharpened to tiny points.
Sewing needles with eyes have been found.

Pretty interesting.

Revealed a lot about flintmaking. Otzi was one of the skilled flintmakers.

I have a huge piece of flint, about the size of a liter bottle, I found here several years ago in the shallow waters of the bay. It did not come from here, so it had to have been brought here by someone, probably an Indian trader centuries ago.

I cannot imaging trying to use this tool to flake it into an ax or knife................

Clearly a headspace gauge.

If your piece is of the right shape, you can strike off flakes.
If it is made of good fine-grained flint or chalcedony, you can make scalpels.
I think obsidian makes the sharpest edges, but it’s glass, not flint.

--> YouTube-Generated Transcript <--
	·	Introduction
0:00	·	What happens when you find something you've never seen before?
0:04	·	In 1991, hikers walking along the Tyrolean Alps stumbled across a mummified body.
0:10	·	This body would later become known as, Ötzi the Iceman, one of the
0:14	·	world's most famous mummies who lived and died 5,300 years ago.
0:19	·	Next to Ötzi, they found his belongings.
0:22	·	But this object piqued the curiosity of archaeologists because they had never
0:27	·	seen this kind of artifact before.
0:29	·	Hi, I'm Dr. Smiti Nathan, and I'm an archaeologist.
0:32	·	In this video, we're going to explore this artifact and how
0:36	·	researchers pieced together not only what it was, but how it was used.
	·	Description
0:45	·	When this object was initially found, researchers could tell it was a
0:49	·	12 centimeter long sharpened tool.
0:52	·	When they did further analysis, they learned that this object was made
0:55	·	from a piece of stripped European lime tretoucheur branch that had
0:58	·	been sharpened at one end, similar to how a pencil would be sharpened.
1:02	·	A fragment of black antler was then hammered into the core
1:06	·	of the branch and is visible poking out of the sharpened end.
1:09	·	Now, it's important to note that the black color of the antler.
1:12	·	Likely occurred after the object was originally used.
1:16	·	And this is likely due to chemical reactions that happen after the
1:20	·	object was deposited into the ground.
	·	Use
1:23	·	Since this type of artifact was unknown before the discovery of Ötzi, the
1:27	·	objects use initially puzzled researchers.
1:30	·	Researchers did a series of experiments and scientific analyses to figure
1:35	·	out what this was based on their research, they think this object
1:39	·	was used to sharpen flint blades.
1:42	·	They called it a retoucheur, which comes from its use in shaping
1:46	·	and retouching flint tools.
1:48	·	The retoucheur has helped archaeologists to learn more about the tools
1:51	·	and methods used to make them.
1:53	·	During Ötzi's time when making a stone tool, Flint material would first be
1:58	·	roughly hammered into the desired shape.
2:01	·	In this case, it was likely a blade.
2:03	·	The retoucheur was then used to make the form more precise and sharp.
2:08	·	When tools became blunt, the retoucheur was used to sharpen them.
2:12	·	And when the retoucheur itself became blunt, the anther point was sharpened
2:17	·	like a pencil, ready to be used again.
	·	Outro
2:19	·	Ötzi's mummified body and his belongings are located in the
2:23	·	South Tyrol Museum of Archaeology.
2:25	·	In addition to stone tools, Ötzi's clothing and undigested food
2:30	·	remains in his intestines, help us reconstruct his life and death.
2:34	·	You can learn more about this in our videos on lost socks and
2:38	·	ancient diseases, both in which feature Ötzi, and are linked below.
2:42	·	This video is part of our Artifact of the Day series where we take a quick look
2:45	·	at one intriguing object from the past.
2:48	·	If you're interested in watching another Artifact of the Day
2:51	·	video, check out the video here.