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Transcript
0:00 this channel is part of the history hit Network [Music]
0:16 [Music]
0:22 the coast of the Levant hides secrets that go back to the dawn of mankind
0:29 most of our distant ancestors traveled through the coastal plain at the foot of the Carmel range as our species Homo
0:36 sapiens gradually took to the four corners of the world this lateral pathway between Africa and
0:42 Asia then Europe has seen more cultures more varied living conditions and more
0:48 upheavals than any other region in the world here to travel back in time one only has
0:55 to dig
1:01 [Music] narrations of humans have left traces of their passage from crude Flint axes to
1:07 objects more elaborate and more precious foreign
1:13 yet the real Treasures of the region aren't to be found underground but underwater
1:19 we are 10 kilometers south of Haifa Israel lying offshore the little town of
1:25 athlete research vessel Medics is about drop anchor at the foot of an impregnable
1:31 Fortress built by the Knights Templars itself erected on the foundations of a more ancient Phoenician Harbor
1:41 the mystery of athletes starts with the discovery of an unusual mound of stone half a kilometer from the shore under 10
1:47 meters of water the discoverer Dr ehut khalili is an
1:52 archaeologist and an accomplished diver
1:57 [Music]
2:06 [Music] his uncanny Sixth Sense has always
2:11 helped him to discern revealing signs of a find in the strange Universe of marine landscapes
2:21 but Dr Galilei doesn't yet suspect that he is about to make the discovery of his lifetime
2:27 [Music]
2:32 first of all there was the invention of the Aquaman then I was born
2:37 for me it is a two important events [Music] I felt I started as a smoker diver I
2:45 started to I join my father in the association foreign
2:52 and very soon I realized that I wanted to explore the sea I wanted to dive and
2:58 to find things that nobody had ever thought before yeah very very rare places online well
3:04 no you can go and you know that you are the first one in the sea anywhere you go you are the first to be there
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3:45 checkout first of all as a boy who was looking
3:50 for coins and artifacts or the passion of collection and fighting and then as a
3:56 researcher wanted to know the background and the story Beyond these artifacts not
4:02 only to put these nice artifacts on the television and work done but tell you where did they come from how they were
4:08 done who were the Mariners who were the fishermen what technologies
4:13 they use all these questions we can answer by studying these signs that we
4:19 found from the sea scores of relics have been retrieved by Dr Galilei or his colleagues and curse
4:26 from all eras chariot wheels ingots cannonballs
4:31 but they came mostly from the endless chain of wreckages that plagued the sailors over the centuries
4:40 on this Coast the lack of natural Harbors makes the winter Westerly winds ruthless
4:55 after every stop new areas are exposed and new delicious
5:00 Alpha the main idea is to wait for the sea to do the job of Excavating
5:10 [Music]
5:20 the day of the discovery one of those big storms had partly exposed the strange Rocky formation from the sand
5:27 our scientific treasure hunter knew immediately that this was no wreck
5:32 who could have had the motivation and means to go and build something there so deep under the sea
5:39 Phoenicians Romans Templars Arabs
5:47 this question intrigued Dr Galilei years earlier in the same area he had
5:54 helped to retrieve the ram of a war galley a half ton bronze behemoth
6:02 it's had an important Trading Post in athletes using the eyelid close to the peninsula so their boats could land with
6:08 sufficient draft
6:14 [Music] these Merchants were four-sided Mariners and Savvy Builders but none of their
6:20 structures had been found so far from the shore
6:26 the means and determination of Templars could more easily account for such a feat but to what end
6:35 [Music] during the Crusades Chateau Pelham was an imposing Fortress with many lines of
6:42 defense this Castle was so well protected that it was never taken
6:48 when the knights deserted the Levant it is said that weeks went by before the Muslims realized that the place was
6:54 empty
7:05 [Music] the first dig by Galilei and his team reveals quite a different story a
7:11 different prehistory shall we say the site predates the Iron Age the Bronze Age or even the pottery age
7:19 this is Stone Age Way Beyond 6 000 years
7:28 [Music] first of all we came to a Thomas or a
7:35 towel of about 80 centimeter High build of undressed stones without cement of
7:41 course a lion one near the other in circles
7:46 and then when we removed it and start to excavate We Came Upon A well which is
7:52 constructed from very sophisticated way and the same as well that we built today
8:05 stone age is a general term that encompasses millions of years of evolution from cavemen to civilization
8:13 the end of this long pre-history is marked by a deep Revolution the Neolithic the new stone age
8:21 Under 12 meters of salt water Dr galilei's Discovery appears to be the most ancient submerged Neolithic site
8:28 ever found at all Dr Israel hershkovitz a medical doctor
8:36 specializing in prehistoric pathology was convinced that the Stone Mound would turn out to be a burial place
8:43 he was wrong about the mound but his hopes wouldn't be dashed for long [Music]
9:00 [Music] the best moment in Atlanta was when we
9:06 activated the first human skeleton which was an outstanding experience
9:14 I mean that we knew that there is probably there is a burial pit over there and we start moving the clay
9:21 slowly slowly we expose the skull and then we expose the rest of the skeleton
9:27 but interestingly once we expose the full skull the skull had a huge hole you
9:33 know at the center probably a post-mortem damage to the skull and a
9:39 fish came out of it you know out of the skull the very fishing idea
9:49 if you take a modern skull the people of atletium would look similar to present-day 11 in population they will
9:57 look more or less the same as you and I
10:07 [Music] for only the tip of the iceberg no one could have expected what was to
10:13 follow now you see the village is 40 000 square meters now this is also covered
10:20 everything is covered all this is covered by sin this information was gathered after 25 years of exposure sure
10:29 it's like as you say it's like a jigsaw puzzle the Deep layer of sand along the coastline is always on the move this
10:36 often allows for a very short exploration window it took over 25 years of work before one
10:42 of the finest jewels of prehistory gave up all of its secrets the site was called atlet yam Athlete on
10:50 the sea in Hebrew
11:00 before these images were shot almost no one outside A specialized scientific Community was aware of the importance or
11:06 even the existence of the site
11:14 water Expeditions require much more resources than digging on firm ground
11:19 the preparation is a logistical puzzle on its own for each Mission a small village has to
11:26 be erected on the beach to accommodate the researchers the divers and their equipment
11:37 the ascent of mankind implies the whole world besides Israeli researchers scientists
11:43 convert here from Germany Scotland Ireland France Canada Scandinavia or
11:48 Bulgaria the current mission was initiated by the European Splash Coast program dedicated
11:55 to the study of Continental shelves
12:04 for the major part of prehistory during the last Ice Age Continental shelves everywhere were above water level
12:12 Mankind's first roads were never far from coastlines so up to 85 percent of all the earliest archaeological sites
12:18 are now located under the sea
12:25 the site is located about 400 meters offshore here to the West behind this
12:31 van with the boat a little about 200 meters South
12:41 [Music] in the time of atli young the levantine
12:47 coastal plains stretched up to a kilometer further west towards the sea
13:00 people
13:05 okay I'm really excited about my first dive I'm not sure what to expect how warm it
13:12 is and the visibility or condition of the remains down there
13:17 so I'm quite nervous it's my first Marine archeology dive we are now in the
13:24 North Bay of athlete we are going to die in the submerged neurithic settlement at lithium
13:30 it is a 9 000 year old settlement from the pre-protein oriented period and
13:36 at that period people didn't have Pottery of course they didn't have metal they didn't know how to write but they
13:43 produced all kind of tools from both from Stone and this is actually what we
13:49 found
13:54 underwater archeology relative to sort of traditional land archeology it is a new field like the
14:02 work that Ehud galili and his team have produced here at lithium has really helped the field of submerged
14:09 by history to be recognized on an international level and I think it's only going to expand
14:18 foreign [Music]
14:26 and it's just a question of getting a very large aluminum pipe unbalanced sort
14:32 of the head where the valve is and it's pretty heavy and so they said right
14:37 we're gonna we're gonna go down you take this end I got this and we'll go down together it gives me the super heavy end
14:42 and I went right down to the bottom and I thought yeah that was funny
14:50 foreign
14:55 so I was pretty awkward initially but then we got down uh they set up the
15:01 basically the dredge line a couple of buoys to keep it sort of buoyant it's actually a nice setup and then um that
15:08 took a while and it's our first working dive together so there's a bit of communication it's like your first day
15:14 on any job you have to figure out who you're working with and how you're working together and all of that except
15:19 you can't talk so you're trying to you do this and you watch me and all that stuff and by the end of the diet we had
15:25 it
15:32 foreign
15:40 over the years Dr galilei's teams have contributed to the fine-tuning of reliable equipment to move and sieve
15:47 through the thousands of cubic meters of sand that covered the ruins
15:57 diving with a hood is like diving with someone who has the experience of a 60 year old and the
16:02 energy of a 25 year old so archeology is the unavoidable
16:08 systematic destruction of evidence archaeologists are entitled to one
16:15 single attempt
16:22 the members are forced to work slowly with extra caution and thirdness looking for the smallest Clues
16:31 foreign
16:42 depth of the layer soil composition and even the relative position of remains are essential to recreate the past
16:51 [Music] no one knows under which Stone an archaeological find is hiding
16:56 [Music]
17:08 the Forty thousand square meters of athlete yam are an archaeological mine
17:14 architecture technology lifestyle wherever they dig Dr galilei's research
17:19 teams discover new clues about this year-round sedentary site
17:29 twice as old as the Egyptian pyramids the well-discovered by Galilei is the
17:35 most ancient example of this type of construction ever found [Music]
17:47 this first Well turns out to be an archaeologist's dream come true instead
17:52 of the expected sand and rocks that should have filled it scores of carved objects animal remains and other
17:59 man-made items were found giving a fair Chronicle of the daily life of the 30 odd families that used to live here all
18:06 year round [Music]
18:33 for archaeologists all of athlete yam artifacts are deemed in situ finds
18:39 objects found in context where they were abandoned nine thousand years ago
18:47 foreign [Music]
19:03 Pebble it looks like you have the cortex here and we have something yeah definitely yeah
19:09 these are flakes this one is slightly loaded but they're all man-made let's say that this is a
19:15 big core of Flint like this this is a call so you prepare you make some preparation and then one strike thick
19:22 and you have the blade
19:28 too much in the sole sector dedicated to Flint
19:34 tool making a sample of 8755 artifacts has been identified
19:40 from Flint flakes to functional tools
19:49 these are artifacts that we found in atletium it is only a random collection to just to demonstrate the nature of the
19:57 artifacts that we have here this for example is a beef facial you have all the surface polished with pleasure
20:03 flakes it takes a lot of skill and professional Flint Napper to do this
20:09 maybe every in any 1000 people there is only one with specialist for this and
20:15 this knowledge is was transferred from generation to generation and it is very very sophisticated very very Prestige
20:22 too they were hell ahead they have two kind of arrowheads and these are biblos these
20:29 are biblos you can see the arrowheads out nice they are work perfect they were
20:34 half dead of course and they were used for hunting and these I'll be patient access and
20:40 they were used for woodwork used for cutting Woods cutting trees and maybe
20:47 producing both who knows because we know that these people have the capability of
20:52 selling in the sea because the type of fish that we discover some of them are deep sea and deep sea fish and they
20:58 require a knowledge in selling so they probably had both but we didn't find the boat
21:05 because organic material is not always for sale the waterproofing effect of clay has
21:12 helped the archaeologists in many ways
21:18 fragile remains such as fish bones are abundant over 6 000 fish remains have
21:23 been lifted from the bottom allowing for very detailed interpretations
21:33 with its characteristic retractile dorsal spine Triggerfish is the most common species found in athletium
21:41 the average size of the specimen analyzed matches the expected type of catch using a net
21:48 [Music] they add the add the chips they were fishermen they were good fishermen we found here a lot of fisherman equipment
21:55 and also needles which they probably saw the necks and they live on the fishing
22:01 they live by the sea
22:09 you know there are no evidence for boat whatsoever you know how can you tell from the human from the pound that the
22:16 people were engaged in seafaring you know that they were really using boats you know and whether they were able or
22:23 capable of reaching the island of disciples for example and there are specific diseases you know especially in
22:30 the vertebral column that tells you the posterior part of the vertebra the
22:36 neural Arch so the there is enough evidence in in the skeleton to tell you
22:42 almost everything about the people who were living at lithium
22:47 typical wear on specific vertebraes and larger muscle attachments on high limb bones are compatible with long hours
22:54 paddling in a boat
23:01 you see if you take is mandible for example you see here we have Motors one of the
23:09 side of the crown is totally eroded this specific teeth was heavily treated
23:15 by some cultural Behavior because we know that people were using
23:23 their teeth not just to process the food but actually to prepare a fishnet for
23:29 examples or to prepare baskets for example but what you call cultural
23:36 attraction is very different from what you call Food attrition
23:42 Century cultural attrition of teeth used to weave fibers or tan skins could still be seen in some ethnic groups
23:52 to weave their nests fishermen of athlete yam relied on fiber
24:01 these types of remains are amongst the most difficult for an archaeologist to establish
24:06 but researchers in athletia were lucky enough to find carbonized plant fibers still clearly identifiable after 9 000
24:13 years [Music]
24:20 flax fiber for instance could be used for ropes Nets and maybe even clothing
24:27 [Music] such organic remains as well as charcoal
24:32 or bones can be used to obtain precise data that provides further details on the evolution of ancient settlements
24:39 the clock used here is an unstable form of carbon that decays an unknown and regular pattern
24:46 carbon 14.
24:58 this is the bone very well preserved of a small mammal probably a mouse
25:04 so this sticking have to be done very carefully and you get a lot of information
25:09 apart from hand collecting material from the surface of the site and Excavating inside the wells and in that sediment we
25:16 found animal bones which we wouldn't have collected from the sea floor without the dredger it's one of the
25:24 first sites where we have almost the full complement of domestic animals which means sheep goat cattle Pig so
25:33 that we can see within the site the complete if you like development of domestic animals beginning with animals
25:40 that are wild and hunted through to animals that are fully domesticated
25:46 so we have one of the more impressive pieces which is a horn core a horn of a
25:53 cattle and this is probably a wild uh cattle what we call an orac so this is
25:58 from before animals were domesticated [Music]
26:06 also from the surface of the site our own cause of goats and this would have
26:12 been a wild goat or a very very primitive goat we can compare it here and you can see that the horn core is
26:18 very straight and leaves the skull right above the front of the the eyes as opposed to a
26:23 domestic goat you can see that the horn cores go backwards and they also have a Twist so what we're dealing here is
26:29 really one of the earliest points in the domestication of goats
26:35 when we look at material from the wells we are dealing with the end of the site it's a later phase of occupation and
26:42 essentially the material that we find there in terms of animals is slightly different all the animals in the worlds
26:47 are domestic we see the transition within the site and that is a unique feature
26:54 [Music] pollen and seeds extracted from the sediments also reflect the agricultural
27:01 transition and give an idea of the vegetation and climate that was the norm here in prehistoric time
27:07 [Music] the average temperature was three degrees lower than today with greater
27:13 differences between the seasons and colder seawater once they reach the bottom of the well
27:19 the archaeologists had enough Clues to reconstitute the sequence of events that forced it to be abandoned
27:26 with the sea Rising salt water percolated up through the sand and contaminated the fresh water table under
27:33 the well it's very hard to abandon your house to abandon your village so naturally we
27:40 assume that they struggle to try to solve problems and actually we found evidence in the well
27:45 of trying to cope with the problems those who had spent so much effort building it tried to restore its
27:52 function by raising its base in vain she was so close so the world was no use
27:59 anymore so at that moment they still used it but as a garbage pit
28:06 the sea level kept Rising slowly but inexorably one wonders where did the water come
28:12 from ice
28:17 when ice keeps piling up on continents the world's sea level goes down
28:24 in the days of athlete yam the melting phase of the last ice age was well underway
28:30 but North America was still covered by the most imposing of the ancient ice giants
28:40 glaciers have left behind deep scars in the granite of the North Shore of the Saint Lawrence River in Quebec
28:47 they are vivid evidence of the scope of the planetary upheaval that had repercussions on early civilizations
28:54 settle near Shores
28:59 at the rate of half a meter per Century the rising sea eventually forced the people of athlete young to abandon the
29:06 land of their ancestors the Canadian Glacier would keep feeding
29:13 the sea until the Bronze Age some 3000 years later
29:20 to date on the abandoned site researchers have identified over 70 structures of various functionalities
29:26 and dwellings with rectangular foundations of which only the first row of stones
29:32 remain [Music]
29:43 thank you [Music]
30:01 at that time during the Preparatory and Neolithic period people used to bury
30:07 their dead underneath the living flow which is very interesting if you come to think about it the notion of the idea of
30:14 separating the world of the dead and the world of the living is quite a late notion
30:19 so in neolithic side it is quite easy to find human skeleton because once you find the structure you know for sure
30:27 underneath the floor you will find human skeleton [Music]
30:32 the graves at athlete yam didn't contain only bones
30:38 sealed in the anaerobic environment of clay for thousands of years these remains present the best preserved human
30:44 and viral DNA samples of prehistory [Music]
30:54 good morning everyone and today is going to be a bit of a charge day
30:59 uh first thing Jonathan is the first safety
31:06 who told me about two minutes before I went diving that we were going to start to excavate the new well the feature
31:12 number 80 which he just discovered this year
31:27 every dive over atletium brings about its share of discovery
31:34 this new structure spotted during the mission preparation may turn out to be a well a storage pit
31:40 or a burial site
31:53 [Music]
32:01 [Music] despite the risk and the long hours
32:07 spent underwater diving is a passion for underwater archaeologists
32:13 that does not relieve them from the tedious monk work generally associated with classic archeology
32:30 [Music] okay so we will use dish
32:38 ES
32:44 this is a bone tool this is a spatula from the 20 centimeters in the well so
32:51 this is the festival we have yeah
32:57 final material we put here and the organic material you put there
33:03 make sure that you don't break it while while doing it you have to feel it but there is a high probability that it is
33:10 the same out effect it was broken in Antiquity and maybe dark you see
33:17 this is the spatula and believe me I didn't dive here the last night and put it there you have to trust me
33:25 yes [Music]
33:34 the most important chapter of prehistory is surely the period that sees nomadic hunter-gatherer tribes switching to a
33:40 brand new mode of subsistence agriculture
33:51 thousands of plant seeds found there were many kilograms of domesticated wheat but also barley lentils and
33:58 chickpeas foreign
34:06 [Music]
34:13 in the beginning the inhabitants must have gathered Wild Grains as a hedge against periods of want
34:21 process of harvesting and planting in the same area slowly altered the planned characteristics domesticating them
34:33 probably without intent the early prehistoric farmers were busy fostering hybrids and artificial selection on
34:40 their seeds
34:49 these are secret blades see the shine see that it's there is a glossy here at
34:55 the edge this is the original shine created by cutting width so it stays
35:01 like this and you can still see the Polish nine times after nine thousand years
35:07 thus the small community can feed itself and prosper all year long so much so that life expectancy in
35:14 athlete yam gets a significant boost [Music]
35:39 [Music]
35:46 at the beginning of the summer a decline in fishing activity makes way for grain Harvest
35:52 followed by the slaughtering of animals born in the spring the group then moves on to fruit and nut Gathering
35:58 before a fall Seafood phase followed by the collection of wild legumes in winter
36:03 as the year passes the inhabitants so green then take to the sea fishing once
36:09 again in all practical senses Dr hershkovitz's
36:16 lab has conducted an autopsy on all human remains excavated in atlit yam
36:21 the information is coded in the balance like a huge paper folder that record almost every event in your life and you
36:29 just need to know how to read the information in the film you take a film of a male and a female
36:35 it's just that one is longer than the other it makes sense I mean bone growth pelvic bone articulations long bone fine
36:42 structure tooth attrition are all Clues to determine age sex and General Health
36:47 of individuals combining all the factors allows us to
36:52 conclude that few children reached adulthood and this was at the late 19th
36:59 to the water and he found some skeleton and he called me and then we took the
37:04 next day when I arrived I looked around and I saw there is another skull of a baby
37:11 as a in the bones you can see that he suffered from some infectional disease
37:17 bacterial DNA and Bone analysis have established the oldest cases of malaria and tuberculosis which took the lives of
37:24 this mother and her young child
37:30 foreign Improvement of food sources implied an
37:37 increase in pregnancy yet a higher mortality rate for females
37:43 while boys who did become adults could live up to 50.
37:50 this is a remarkable life expectancy considering other settlements around the same period
37:56 those living in athletes benefited from almost everything of what is now referred to as the Mediterranean diet
38:03 [Music]
38:11 mastering agriculture is the main factor by which some 7 million humans at the
38:16 time of atlib young became the 7 billion of today
38:27 is
38:36 foreign
39:00 that were found together and you can see that face of the skull of the center
39:06 were plastered basically they used some kind of limes to create a mask
39:11 and they model the face you can see the nose you can see the teeth and actually they used seashell you know to create
39:19 the eyes and the iris at the center now those cars are very interesting because
39:25 at that period people used to bury their dead within the living quarters after
39:32 several years it took just a skull to create a beautiful face probably put
39:38 some kind of a twig over the rest of of the skull so imagine to yourself that
39:44 these cars stood in it on a platform at the center of the village and together
39:50 with it they were very impressive foreign [Music]
40:02 worshiping your ancestor by saying that my ancestors were living here in my
40:09 great great ancestor they are also living here by establishing a chain of generation from present to the Past you
40:17 establish your right on the property
40:22 after years of successful digs some thought there was little chance of learning much more
40:28 but that was without factoring in the whim of winter storms [Music]
40:34 during a routine survey dive Dr galili and his father Joseph stumbled upon
40:39 three rocks protruding from the Sandy Bottom [Music]
40:45 it looked like nothing they had ever discovered so far [Music]
40:51 it was not a house not a tumulus an even less a storage pit
41:00 ER would add a whole new dimension to the richness of the sight we know one position and we make triangulations we
41:07 put the Baseline on them under the only way to get to the bottom of it is to remove the tons of sand that cover the
41:13 whole sector foreign
41:32 it is clearly man-made a megalith an erected Stone altar
41:39 this is the spiritual heart of the small Neolithic settlement
41:48 [Music] in the periphery many hearths were found
41:55 along with buildings a high concentration of burial sites and an intriguing narrow Corridor 20 meters
42:03 long
42:08 [Music] Dr Clive Ruggles is specialized in archaeoastronomy and has worked on
42:14 various prehistoric sites around the world for one point say the altar Stone
42:19 and one of the things here is that there are these two long parallel walls that
42:25 lead in the general direction of the altar Stone and very strange they seem to have built these two long walls only
42:30 a meter apart with and what appears to have been a compressed clay surface so
42:35 it seems people were walking along there and the orientation of that as far as I could discover before I came out here
42:42 just looking at the plans and the the match this was roughly oriented in the
42:47 direction of sunrise on the June Solstice so on the on the longest day of the year
42:54 survival of people living here depended more and more on agriculture had they already observed the link
43:00 between season Cycles in the Sun
43:05 one of the problems of dealing with Prehistoric sites and worrying about how
43:12 they related to the sky is that the sky has changed Dr Ruggles uses special astronomic
43:18 software that spins the planets backward 9000 times in order to see the sky the
43:24 people of atlit yam were seeing nine millenniums ago [Music] his method was already successful in
43:31 establishing a solid link between astronomy and Stonehedge the famous British circle of star
43:41 [Music]
43:49 the archaeoastronomer needs to infer position from marine charts composed with compass error and reinvent the
43:56 aspect The Horizon had from a point situated offshore 12 meters below the sea
44:04 [Music]
44:14 Dr ruggles's calculation shows that the sun did rise between the two walls once
44:19 a year but not necessarily exactly on the summer solstice a few days before or after but it did
44:27 happen within the longest days of the year luck or deliberate effort
44:34 [Music]
44:39 foreign [Music]
44:54 closer to the altar the more it is excavated the more elements and features are exposed
45:02 place that prompts respect and contemplation a few stones have fallen with time but
45:09 the two meter monoliths weighing a ton each were erected like Sentinels in an arc around a central stone with a
45:15 depression around it
45:25 vestiges of fresh water weed and mollusks were found within indicative of water symbolically surrounding the main
45:32 Stone on what is presumed to be the front of
45:37 the altar many flat stones with cup marks are deployed both for offerings for social activities one cannot say
45:48 foreign
45:53 of a mini Stonehenge 5 000 years before the erection of that great Monument
46:01 [Music] the discovery of an entire Zone
46:06 seemingly dedicated to spiritual or ritual activities is an indication that the people of atletium
46:12 gave themselves the means to preserve Collective knowledge
46:19 the agricultural tradition foreign [Music]
46:48 ends on an experiment with the hopes of making other underwater finds more predictable
46:54 we get finished to excavate everything that we planned to and even more we made
47:00 the experiments we took the call samples and we made the jet drillings
47:06 Dr galilei's team helps to help the new generation of underwater archaeologists to find other sites like this one
47:13 [Music]
47:32 foreign [Music]
47:40 has a lot to tell us the evidence for the bones testified to a very peaceful
47:46 community we don't have evidence for trauma whatsoever which is quite strange
47:51 because people were expecting at least the first farming Community to be more
47:57 aggressive protecting their territories in a way but at least for motility on we
48:05 can conclude that the level of aggression was very low
48:11 [Music] foreign
48:18 Coast the sun doesn't rise exactly at the same place it used to
48:24 at least yam findings are casting a new light on the dawn of human civilization and on people who might have been
48:32 ancestors for many of us today
48:39 whether or not we find another drowned city as old as this one atlitiamo remain an example a source of
48:47 motivation for future generations of archaeologists to look for some of Mankind's First Steps at the bottom of
48:54 the sea