I would have to use concrete but with the same passive solar design techniques. They mostly build those things in places like NM but some have been built in temperate climates. Problem I have is water. I had a small geyser pop up out of my garden one year after a lot of rain. We have moss growing at the bottom of most trees. Where the gravel road is dug in, water seeps out every time it rains. I'm not going to try and rely on stacked tires packed with dirt and wrapped with foam insulation as a water barrier. I need concrete with that black waterproof coating and plenty of french drains around it if I'm going to have a bermed house.
This one's in Alberta Canada. No AC needed, even in NM. Occasional supplemental heat during multi-day cloudy spells in winter. Rain catchment and multiple water usage. Shower water gets filtered and used to water greenhouse plants and then goes to flush toilet etc. Most are off grid and use solar as the only source of electricity. Solar heated water plus some use an on demand propane water heater.
That was the plan here originally but between the ground water and me being 10 years older, it ain't gonna happen. I had a tire source lined up. The tire store owner knew about earthships and thought they were a tremendous idea. Takes about 20 minutes to pound dirt like a maniac into a tire and I had figured it was going to take 800 tires. About 270 hours. The ones in the Taos NM community run 70-73 degrees inside year round with no supplement HVAC. Greenhouse might get warmer in summer, 80ish.