First results on coaxial-coiled thin Constantan wires, by electromagnetic excitation of very high-power density and high voltage pulses, at microsecond time regime.

Francesco Celani1,2,4, C. Lorenzetti1 , G. Vassallo1,3, E. Purchi1 , S. Fiorilla1 , S. Cupellini1 , M. Nakamura1 , P. Cerreoni1 , R. Burri1 , P. Boccanera1 , A. Spallone1,2,4, E. F. Marano1 . (1) ISCMNS_L1, Intern. Soc. of Condensed Matter Nuclear Science, Via Cavour 26, 03013 Ferentino-IT;

(4) Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Via E. Fermi 56, 00044 Frascati (RM)-IT

********* E-mail: franzcelani@libero.it INFN-LNF, Via E. Fermi 56, 00044 Frascati (RM)-Italy

In the framework of LENR-AHE (Anomalous Heat Effects) studies we focused, since 2011, on innovative, low-cost materials instead of the usual, precious-metal, Pd.

We found that the Cu-Ni alloy, also used for J-type thermocouple construction, has the peculiarity of easy dissociation of H2 (or D2) from molecular to atomic state, at enough low temperatures (150 °C), and to keep it inside the lattice and/or at surfaces, up to temperature of 700-800 °C, even at low gas pressures (few bar). Because long time experience (since 1994) on thin and long wires geometry of the electrodes, we concentrated our efforts taking advantages of such specific shape, specially from the point of view of electromigration of ab/adsorbed H, under proper longitudinal electric field (0.5-1 V/cm), DC and/or pulsed.

In 1995 we got noticeable results using Pd wires in electrolytic environments (D2O) at mild temperatures (40-60 °C). Later-on, in some experiments, we used even gaseous environments at high temperatures (up to 700-800 °C). Main problem of Pd was its large brittleness after H, D absorption.

Moreover, we experimentally reconfirmed that one of key condition to induce AHE is the “flux” of H moving inside its lattice (longitudinal) or through the surface (transversal).

Pioneers of transversal flux were G.C. Fralick-NASA; M.K. Kubre-SRII-USA, Y. Iwamura-MHI-J, Y. Arata-Osaka Univ.-J We focused on longitudinal flux (following the theoretical models developed by G. Preparata-Milan Univ.-I), although our unconventional electrolytic experiments (1995-1998) had both.

Anyway, apart from the initial state, the flux needs external energy to be continuously activated because, in our experience, AHE are due to non-equilibrium conditions, i.e. are needed continuous stimulations, usually energy consuming, apart some specific (but delicate) geometrical set-up (like a Capuchin knot in some of our geometrical arrangements).

Recently we developed an unconventional geometry of the electrode aimed to use, at almost the same time, longitudinal and transversal flux at high temperatures in gaseous environments: our goal is to minimize extra energy added, to maximize the AHE and keep it operative for time as long as possible.

At ICCF22 we presented results obtained using Constantan wire arranged as reversed coaxial coil with inner electrode made by Fe tube. The thin Constantan wires had the surface treated to make them at submicrometric dimensionality and covered by a mixture of Low Work Function (LWF) materials.

We observed that the time span of AHE was increased just by activating the wire surface by mild sinusoidal High Voltages (50 Hz, up to +-600 V, few mA), while the coil was DC powered to get both DC electromigration and proper high temperatures (>600 °C). The activation was effective mainly at low gas pressures, where the Richardson regime is possible.

The Fe counter electrode operated mainly as electron donor, thanks to high voltage (Child-Langmuir effect) and low pressures.

Because of low pressure, over time, we observed an excessive de-loading of the H from the surface of the Constant, until the AHE vanished. So, to keep the AHE, some proper amount of H2, i.e. enough large pressure (some hundreds of mbar), is needed. The effect is improved if the gas is ionised, i.e. Paschen/DBD regimes.

Considering all such requirements we designed such coiled coil able to operate at high voltage in pulsed conditions: we could get, at the same time, very high values of electromigration (pulsed condition), large temperature because longitudinal current, transversal excitation i.e. flux, because gas ionization at mild pressures (high voltage), Richardson regime (for short time) just reducing gas pressure, all properly compatible with peculiar Paschen behaviours.

We will explain the specific set-up and summarise the recent results obtained, also considering the severe stress of the system: High Voltage, High Pulsed Power, High Frequency, High Temperatures.

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Publications (12)
Fig.2. Overview of the coil assembly: multilayer coating of LWF oxides;...
Fig.3. Calculated dependence of density of electron emission J (A/m 2 )...
Figure 4. Paschen curve. Direct current breakdown tension (Vb) of...
Fig. 6. Schematic of the time sequence to make measurements. Usually...
Fig. 7. Main experimental result. Data regarding OCV are raw. The data...

Clear and simple evidence of correlations among Open Voltage values and AHE in Constantan wires, DC operations under H2 gas, after long time conditioning at 70 and 100 W of input power
Presentation
Full-text available
Aug 2021
Francesco Celani
C Lorenzetti
Giorgio Vassallo[...]
E F Marano
• Introduction. a) Sketch of reactor core: coiled constantan coil, with long and thin wire coated by Low Work Function (LWF) materials. Counter-electrode geometry . b) Hybrid glassy-Quartz/Alumina sheath, large surface area, LWF materials coated. c) Richardson equation and plot (i.e. electron emission at low pressures). d) Paschen plot (i.e. gas io...
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Fig. 1A. Scheme of the coaxial coil with its inner Fe...
Fig.1B. Overview of the coil assembly: multilayer coating of LWF...
Fig. 1C. Schematic of the pulser with main auxiliary circuits, depicted...
Fig.2. Calculated dependence of density of electron emission J (A/m 2 )...
+5Fig. 3. Snapshot of typical pulse of high power, sent longitudinally to...

First results on wave form and frequency dependence of AHE stimulations of coaxially-coiled constantan wires, under H2 gas, by High Power-Voltage pulses at High Temperatures
Presentation
Full-text available
Aug 2021
Francesco Celani
C Lorenzetti
Giorgio Vassallo[...]
E F Marano
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Fig.1. Overview of the evolution of our experimental set-up: 2011 (A,...
Fig. 3. Schematic of the pulser with main auxiliary circuits, depicted...
Fig.4. Calculated dependence of density of electron emission J (A/m 2 )...
Fig. 7. Snapshot of Voltage (red colour, 100 V/div, maximum value -380...
+2Fig. 8. Snapshot of the peak voltage at the counter electrode (red...

Electromagnetic excitation of coaxially-coiled Constantan wires by high-power, high-voltage, microsecond pulses
Presentation
Full-text available
Jun 2021
Francesco Celani
C Lorenzetti
Giorgio Vassallo[...]
E F Marano
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Fig.5. Dependence of density of electron emission (A/m 2 ) on Temperature
Fig. 10. Photo, I=1900 mA DC, of a piece of Constantan wire having a...
Fig.11. Overview of the evolution of our experimental set-up from the...
Fig. 13. Scheme of the assembly used to get negative high power pulses...
+2Fig. 14A. Value of High Voltage, red colour, in the case of VVB...

Verso le macchine per la Fusione Fredda (Toward Cold Fusion Devices)
Presentation
Full-text available
Feb 2021
Francesco Celani
C. Lorenzetti
Giorgio Vassallo[...]
E. F. Marano
This is a presentation held at the Committee on Nuclear Research and Innovative Reactors of the “Order of Engineers of the Province of Rome” on February the 9th 2021. It summarizes the main findings in the field of “Cold Fusion” occurred in the last 31 years with a focus to the research conducted at INFN-LNF. With respect to previous similar presen...
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Fig. 2A. Scheme of the coaxial coil with its inner Fe...
Fig. 2B. Overview of the coil assembly comprised of a multilayer...
Fig.5. Dependence of density of electron emission (A/m 2 ) on...
Fig. 7. Schematic drawing of the electrons behaviour during a negative...

Procedures to stimulate AHE by electric waves and/or Low Work Function materials at High Temperature
Presentation
Full-text available
Jan 2021
Francesco Celani
C Lorenzetti
Giorgio Vassallo[...]
E F Marano
This is a presentation held at the International LERN Workshop in memory of Dr. Mahadeva Srinivasan, Kanpur-India, on January 22-24, 2021. It is divided in two parts, the first describes a new experimental setup for enhancing LENR phenomena in Constantan wires and it is an extension of what presented already at the Workshop “Assisi Nel Vento 5” (AN...
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Fig. 2A. Scheme of the coaxial coil with its inner Fe...
Fig.2B. Overview of the coil assembly comprised of a multilayer coating...
Fig.5. Dependence of density of electron emission (A/m 2 ) on...
Fig. 7. Schematic drawing of the electrons behaviour during a negative...

Stimulation of LENR-AHE by high power electric pulses on coiled coaxial Constantan wires at high voltage and temperature
Presentation
Full-text available
Dec 2020
Francesco Celani
C Lorenzetti
Giorgio Vassallo[...]
E F Marano
[Enriched version of the original presentation] This short presentation introduces an experimental design for the enhancement of the anomalous thermal phenomena (AHE) observed since 2011 in Constantan3 wires exposed to a deuterium or hydrogen atmosphere, and heated by direct current. In fact, the occurrence of AHE requires specific conditions such...
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Fig. 1. Constantan wire reactor (A); added counter-electrode grounded...
Fig. 2. Paschen curve. Direct current breakdown tension Vb, at RT, of...
Fig. 3. Qualitative sketch of the ratio among the “most active region”...
Fig.4. Dependence of maximum electron emission (A/cm^2) at the surface...
+5Fig. 5. Photo, in DC, I=1900 mA, of a piece of Constantan wire having a...

The role of forced, active gas, flux for the generation of AHE in LENR experiments: discussion on procedures to increase it
Preprint
Full-text available
Oct 2020
Francesco Celani
C Lorenzetti
Giorgio Vassallo[...]
E F Marano
A) General overview of INFN-LNF experiments using Constantan wires and motivations. Several of key points shown at ICCF22 (September 8-13, 2019, Assisi-Italy), [DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.26669.64485]. B) Experimental evidence of the role of the Deuterium gas flux and electrical excitations, by unbiased collection and analysis of (our) over 80 tests/expe...
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Fig.7 (right). Nothing of strange happened with the control, based on H...
Fig. 8. Results of comparison of AHE using sequentially D 2 O and H 2 O...
Fig. 10. Photo, in DC, I=1900 mA, of a piece of Constantan wire having...
Fig.11. Constantan wire reactor (A); added counter-electrode grounded...
+7Fig.12. Dependence of maximum electron emission (A/cm 2 ) at the...

Energy Production from Radiation-free Nuclear Transformation: Worldwide research on Low-Energy nuclear isotopic shifts and transmutations
Presentation
Full-text available
Oct 2020
Francesco Celani
Giorgio Vassallo
Enrico Purchi[...]
E F Marano
- Historical introduction with some key experiments, worldwide. - Some procedures to get AHE (INFN-LNF expertise). - Explanation of the role of the external FLUX of Hydrogen (and/or their isotopes) to induce “Anomalous Effects”, both thermal and/or nuclear, on specific materials (pure or alloys) properly loaded by Hydrogen itself, at the bulk or in...
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Further progress/developments, on surface/bulk treated constantan wires, for anomalous heat generation by H2/D2 interaction
Conference Paper
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Jul 2013
Francesco Celani
Enrico Purchi
A. Nuvoli[...]
G. Trenta
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Figure 3. Behaviour of anomalous power generation, using indirect...
Figure 4. Experiment with power (48W) applied to Active wire. It is...

Improved understanding of self-sustained, sub-micrometric multi- composition surface Constantan wires interacting with H 2 at high temperatures: experimental evidence of Anomalous Heat Effects
Article
Full-text available
Jan 2013
Francesco Celani
E F Marano
A Nuvoli[...]
Giorgio Vassallo
the improvements on Constantan-related experiments, started in 2011, in order to study the feasibility of new Nickel based alloys that are able to absorb proper amounts of Hydrogen (H2) and/or Deuterium (D2) and that have, in principle, some possibility to generate anomalous thermal effects at temperatures >100°C. The interest in Ni comes in part b...
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Flow calorimetric measurements of interaction of H2, D 2 and he with nano-coated wires of Ni and Pd-alloy at temperatures up to 850°C
Article
Jan 2011
Francesco Celani
Odoardo M. Calamai
A. Nuvoli[...]
A. Mancini
At the National Institute of Nuclear Physics (Frascati National Laboratories), we focused, for over three years on methods to generate anomalous excess heat at temperatures (T) well over that allowed by unpressurised traditional electrolytic environments (by light or heavy water; T < 100°C). Our goal was to develop a device able to generate heat at...
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Development of a High Temperature Hybrid CMNS Reactor
Article
Jan 2011
Francesco Celani
P. Marini
V. di Stefano[...]
E. Marano
We presents some improvements on the reactor presented at ICCF14 (Washington D.C. August 2008): use of long-thin Pd wires with nano-coated surfaces by multi-layers of several elements, loading with D2 at pressure 500°C; Stainless Steel (SS) reactor wall temperature
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