Posted on 10/04/2021 1:42:08 PM PDT by karpov
When harvests failed in the Soviet Union in the early 1930s, ethnic Ukrainians experienced significantly higher mortality than the majority Russian population. Andrei Markevich, Natalya Naumenko, and Nancy Qian discover in The Political-Economic Causes of the Soviet Great Famine, 1932–33 (NBER Working Paper 29089) that this was due in large part to intentionally biased economic policies of the central government.
Drawing from archival sources, including the Soviet census, planning documents, and declassified secret police records, the researchers construct a dataset of demographic, economic, political, historical, geographical, and climatic factors for the years 1922–40. Their sample includes data from 19 provinces in the three most populous republics of the Soviet Union — Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine — comprising 84 percent of the Soviet population and 88 percent of the population in grain-producing areas. The researchers use this information, along with rich data on the ethnic makeup of many districts, to examine the effects of the famine and centralized planning decisions on ethnic Ukrainians and on those of other ethnicities in Ukraine and elsewhere in the Soviet Union.
In 1926, Russians comprised 53 percent of the Soviet population, while Ukrainians, the largest ethnic minority, made up 21 percent. Yet between 30 and 45 percent of the 10.8 million victims of the Soviet Great Famine were ethnic Ukrainians. The researchers estimate that a 10 percent increase in the ethnic Ukrainian share of the population in a province was associated with a 0.51 percentage point increase in the famine mortality rate.
They find that provinces with a greater Ukrainian population share experienced a greater increase in mortality between the pre-famine and famine years. This pattern emerges even when controlling for factors such as weather, food production, and urbanization, as well as dekulakization — the policy of eliminating wealthy peasants who resisted collectivization of farms
(Excerpt) Read more at nber.org ...
Sadly, those who survive will find out in a very few years.
Famines are always man-made.
For additional information one can read...
Execution by Hunger by M. Dolot
a first person account of the Ukraine famine
and the results of collectivization.
There are parallels even today, the techniques are
smoother but they are recognizable if one pays attention.
The Ukrainian famine was aimed at Ukrainians to stamp out Ukrainian nationalist aspirations. That is the main reason 8,000,000 of them were killed. Nikita Khruschev and Lazar Kaganovich oversaw the massacre. The dekulakization of agriculture was a secondary consideration in the Ukraine.
Walter Duranty won’t like this.
After February, the directives stated that travel "for bread" from these areas was organized by enemies of the Soviet Union
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causes_of_the_Holodomor
The harvests did not “fail.”
Stalin had them destroyed.
There is a fairly good Russian movie about it:
Burnt by the Sun
https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0111579/
You have to break a few eggs if you ever want to have some of that delicious communist omelette.
Ping.
Yes, but those who died in the Holodomor didn’t even have eggs to crack for that Communist omelette.
The harvest wasn’t destroyed.
The Soviet Union took the grain and sold it overseas for hard currency.
I just got back from a trip to Kyiv.
The Holodomor Museum was very moving.
One of the major features was a book for each of the 32 Ukrainian Oblasts ( their equivalent of states). Each book was a collection of the names of the dead. Each the size of a Bible with hundreds of pages and endless names.
That may be. The movie may not be historically accurate. Imagine that.
The “Holodomor “ was the deliberate starvation and death of almost ten million Ukrainians by Russia. It was political terrorism to subjugate the Ukrainian people. Ukraine has some of the richest farmlands in the world and can grow all manner of crops.
Too many are completely unaware of the Holodomor.
There is a recent movie about this.
A British journalist went to the Soviet Union to see why they had money to build so many things during the worldwide depression.
Stalin did it by selling Ukrainian grain.
He built monuments by starving people.
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