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What Is the Golden Blood Type?
MedicineNet ^ | prior to September 11, 2021 | unattributed

Posted on 09/11/2021 7:56:37 AM PDT by SunkenCiv

The golden blood type or Rh null blood group contains no Rh antigens (proteins) on the red blood cell (RBC). This is the rarest blood group in the world, with less than 50 individuals having this blood group. It was first seen in Aboriginal Australians. The worry with the golden blood group is that the donations of Rh null are incredibly scarce and difficult to obtain. An Rh null person has to rely on the cooperation of a small network of regular Rh null donors around the world if they need the blood. Throughout the world, there are only nine active donors for this blood group. This makes it the world’s most precious blood type, hence the name golden blood.

Our red blood cells have proteins called antigens on their surface. Depending on the antigen present, we have either A, B, O, or AB blood type. The ABO system has a further distinction as Rh-positive or Rh-negative depending on the presence or absence of the ‘Rh-D’ factor on the cells.

In the golden blood group, the individual lacks all the Rh antigens whereas a person with Rh-negative blood group lacks only RhD antigen...

The golden blood group seems to be a result of genetic mutation (spontaneous change in the gene). It is commonly seen with mutations in the RHAG gene, which codes the Rh-associated glycoprotein. This protein is required for directing the Rh antigens to the RBC membrane...

(Excerpt) Read more at medicinenet.com ...


TOPICS: History; Science; Travel
KEYWORDS: bloodtype; bloodtypes; chromomsome9; chromosome1; godsgravesglyphs; goldenbloodtype; helixmakemineadouble; mattridley; rhesusfactor; rhfactor; rhnull
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Here are the topics from four keywords, sorted, duplicates out (bloodtype, bloodtypes, chromosome9, rhfactor):


1 posted on 09/11/2021 7:56:37 AM PDT by SunkenCiv
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To: SunkenCiv

Wow, only NINE donors in the entire world!

I think I’d have my own blood stored for future autologous transfusions.


2 posted on 09/11/2021 8:00:41 AM PDT by ProtectOurFreedom ("If I’m going to get my political views from those who chase balls, I’ll ask my dog.")
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To: SunkenCiv
With only 9 blood donors it's a wonder this group hasn't already died out, unless it's a recurring mutation.
3 posted on 09/11/2021 8:02:39 AM PDT by Bearshouse (Malo periculosam, libertatem quam quietam servitutem. *Thomas Jefferson)
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To: ProtectOurFreedom

Damn right.

Luckily I’m the most common type.
And, I do my best not to get shot or horrifically injured...


4 posted on 09/11/2021 8:02:49 AM PDT by EEGator
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To: 240B; 75thOVI; Adder; albertp; asgardshill; At the Window; bitt; blu; BradyLS; cajungirl; ...
The Rh genes are found in chromosome 1; ordinary bloodtypes (ABO, MN) are found on chromosome 9.
This is the weekly digest ping. The rest of the keyword's newly-added topics, more modern topics than usual:

5 posted on 09/11/2021 8:08:53 AM PDT by SunkenCiv (Imagine an imaginary menagerie manager imagining managing an imaginary menagerie.)
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To: ProtectOurFreedom

I’d be reaaaaaally careful, even around the house. ;^)


6 posted on 09/11/2021 8:09:31 AM PDT by SunkenCiv (Imagine an imaginary menagerie manager imagining managing an imaginary menagerie.)
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To: Bearshouse

The possible history of it is indicated on the page, I just couldn’t fit it in the excerpt.

Chromosome 9, which carries our main blood type genes, has A and B — which differ by I think seven base pairs — and O, which is identical with A but is missing the leading base pair, making it non-functional, also carries the MN blood group, which is pretty small in terms of the world’s population, but somewhat common around the Bay of Bengal, if memory serves.


7 posted on 09/11/2021 8:12:34 AM PDT by SunkenCiv (Imagine an imaginary menagerie manager imagining managing an imaginary menagerie.)
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To: SunkenCiv

My dad was AB neg.
I’m B neg...


8 posted on 09/11/2021 8:17:12 AM PDT by Eric in the Ozarks (Baseball players, gangsters and musicians are remembered. But journalists are forgotten.)
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In type O blood, a carbohydrate sequence called the H antigen is present. Type A and B individuals modify the H antigen by adding an additional monosaccharide to produce corresponding A and B antigens... The presence of ABO polymorphism is highly variable across all primates. Chimpanzees have been found thus far to have primarily type A blood, with type O less commonly. Gorillas appear to be exclusively type B. Orangutans express all three blood types.

Unlike the ABO blood group, the Rh blood group antigens are proteins. Rh type is important in humans because of its role in hemolytic disease of the newborn, in which the antibodies of an Rh- woman (lacking the D antigen protein of the Rh blood group) target the D antigen on the red blood cells of an Rh+ fetus. Rh polymorphisms also exist in chimpanzees, where they were originally described in the R-C-E-F blood group system. Chimpanzees share some of the variants of Rh with humans, but the two species have additional variants that they do not share. Pre-immunization of chimpanzees with D antigen can cause hemolytic disease of the newborn in subsequent pregnancies; however, this has not been documented to occur naturally.

Other, less commonly studied blood groups also have correlates in chimpanzees: the MNS blood group system (V-A-B-D in chimpanzees), and the Ii blood group (not polymorphic in chimpanzees).

Genetic analyses of the ABO blood group system have suggested that the same antigens have emerged multiple times throughout primate evolution, and that polymorphism is maintained by balancing selection within populations. This may indicate that the maintenance of diversity within various blood group antigens is important for population avoidance of pathogens. Large numbers of viral and bacterial pathogens have been shown to bind ABO types differentially. However, the pressures underlying the various blood group antigens are not yet completely understood. Regardless, despite their clinical significance, the blood group antigens are not useful in understanding human uniqueness.
Blood Group Antigen Types and Prevalence | Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny (CARTA)

9 posted on 09/11/2021 8:18:21 AM PDT by SunkenCiv (Imagine an imaginary menagerie manager imagining managing an imaginary menagerie.)
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To: SunkenCiv

Blood disorder.


10 posted on 09/11/2021 8:19:12 AM PDT by BenLurkin (The above is not a statement of fact. It is either opinion, or satire. Or both.)
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The Rh blood group currently includes over 50 antigens, of which the D antigen is the most important in clinical practice. This blood group is the second most important after the ABO system. An individual’s RhD status is described as positive or negative; positive indicates the presence of the RhD antigen while negative indicates its absence...

In 1939, Philip Levine and Rufus Stetson described the clinical importance of the Rh blood group system through a case of an immunized pregnant woman. The patient experienced an adverse reaction following transfusion of her husband’s blood after giving birth to a stillborn infant. Her serum agglutinated about 80% of ABO compatible human red blood cell samples.

Shortly after, Karl Landsteiner and Alexander Wiener described animal studies that discovered immune antibodies made in rabbits by injecting blood from the rhesus monkey reacted with about 85% of human red blood cells; the same red blood cells that reacted with the antibody made by the woman above. Believing these observations described the same blood group, Landsteiner and Wiener named the Rh blood group after the rhesus macaque. Scientists have since learned that the Rh blood group antigen described by Levine and Stetson is not the same as the one found in rhesus macaques, and was later named "LW" in honor of Landsteiner and Wiener.
The History of the Rh Blood Group & How Genomics Is Changing RhD Typing | Lynsi Rahorst, MHPE, MT(ASCP)SBBCM | Tuesday, April 14, 2020

11 posted on 09/11/2021 8:22:48 AM PDT by SunkenCiv (Imagine an imaginary menagerie manager imagining managing an imaginary menagerie.)
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Currently, more than 300 red blood cell antigens and 33 platelet antigens have been identified beyond the current testing methods for ABO and Rh matching. To create a method for identifying a more detailed blood type for people, Lane worked with scientists at the MedSeq Project and genetics experts at the New York Blood Center. The algorithm, dubbed bloodTyper, proved to be more than 99% accurate when typing from the genomes of MedSeq participants. Lane credits MedSeq and its principal investigator Robert Green, M.D., Ph.D., and coinvestigator Heidi Rehm for providing the foundational data to make his work possible.
Genome Sequencing Helps Identify Hundreds of Blood Type Differences | Clinical OMICs Staff Writer | May 17, 2018

12 posted on 09/11/2021 8:25:40 AM PDT by SunkenCiv (Imagine an imaginary menagerie manager imagining managing an imaginary menagerie.)
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Whoops, sorry, here's the correct link:
The Rh blood group currently includes over 50 antigens, of which the D antigen is the most important in clinical practice. This blood group is the second most important after the ABO system. An individual’s RhD status is described as positive or negative; positive indicates the presence of the RhD antigen while negative indicates its absence...

In 1939, Philip Levine and Rufus Stetson described the clinical importance of the Rh blood group system through a case of an immunized pregnant woman. The patient experienced an adverse reaction following transfusion of her husband’s blood after giving birth to a stillborn infant. Her serum agglutinated about 80% of ABO compatible human red blood cell samples.

Shortly after, Karl Landsteiner and Alexander Wiener described animal studies that discovered immune antibodies made in rabbits by injecting blood from the rhesus monkey reacted with about 85% of human red blood cells; the same red blood cells that reacted with the antibody made by the woman above. Believing these observations described the same blood group, Landsteiner and Wiener named the Rh blood group after the rhesus macaque. Scientists have since learned that the Rh blood group antigen described by Levine and Stetson is not the same as the one found in rhesus macaques, and was later named "LW" in honor of Landsteiner and Wiener.
The History of the Rh Blood Group & How Genomics Is Changing RhD Typing | Lynsi Rahorst, MHPE, MT(ASCP)SBBCM | Tuesday, April 14, 2020

13 posted on 09/11/2021 8:27:07 AM PDT by SunkenCiv (Imagine an imaginary menagerie manager imagining managing an imaginary menagerie.)
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To: Eric in the Ozarks

Sometimes I be negative.

/rimshot


14 posted on 09/11/2021 8:27:34 AM PDT by SunkenCiv (Imagine an imaginary menagerie manager imagining managing an imaginary menagerie.)
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To: SunkenCiv

O,thats A positive Bon mot..


15 posted on 09/11/2021 8:35:25 AM PDT by Adder ("Can you be more stupid?" is a question, not a challenge.)
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To: SunkenCiv

A- I donate power reds every 16 weeks. I was told the last time I donated that I’ve never been exposed to a particular virus and because of that, my blood is used for newborn babies. I’ve donated 13 gallons and first time anyone at the Red Cross has ever shared that fact with me.


16 posted on 09/11/2021 8:39:00 AM PDT by Mean Daddy (Every time Hillary lies, a demon gets its wings. - Windflier)
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To: Adder

LOL


17 posted on 09/11/2021 8:40:14 AM PDT by SunkenCiv (Imagine an imaginary menagerie manager imagining managing an imaginary menagerie.)
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To: Mean Daddy

Well done!


18 posted on 09/11/2021 8:40:34 AM PDT by SunkenCiv (Imagine an imaginary menagerie manager imagining managing an imaginary menagerie.)
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To: Mean Daddy

Wow. Impressive. Thank you!


19 posted on 09/11/2021 8:41:11 AM PDT by MayflowerMadam
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To: BenLurkin

Hey, I’m disorderly, why should I expect my blood to be orderly? ;^)


20 posted on 09/11/2021 8:43:12 AM PDT by SunkenCiv (Imagine an imaginary menagerie manager imagining managing an imaginary menagerie.)
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