Posted on 07/07/2021 12:38:47 AM PDT by Kevmo
Progress in Energy Generation Research using Nano-Metal with Hydrogen/Deuterium Gas
#Y. Iwamura1 , T. Itoh1,2 , J. Kasagi1 , T. Takahashi2 , M. Saito2 , Y. Shibasaki2 and S. Murakami2
1Research Centre for Electron Photon Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 982-0826, Japan 2 Clean Planet Inc., Tokyo, 105-0022, Japan E-mail: iwamura@lns.tohoku.ac.jp ,
The field of condensed matter nuclear science originated in 1989 with Fleischmann and Pons' electrolysis of Pd with heavy water. Electrochemistry is an excellent method for packing deuterium into Pd metal at high density.
However, from the perspective of using the excess heat generated for practical purposes, temperature increase of a few degrees in room temperature heavy water does not have much practical impact, although it was an epoch-making event from scientific point of view.
On the other hand, various phenomena such as anomalous heat generation and nuclear transmutation, which occur when deuterium or hydrogen gas interacts with metals such as Pd, Ni, and Ti, were reported from a very early stage. Among them, Ni began to attract attention from industry because of its abundance on earth, lower cost, and its ability to react with hydrogen at several hundred degrees centigrade. It also became increasingly clear that nanoscale metals were important for inducing anomalous reactions.
Recently, there has been an increasingly strong demand around the world for energy sources that do not emit CO2 to prevent global warming. Hydrogen energy using nano-metal in this field could be just the technology to meet this global social demand. In this presentation, we will briefly review the research on anomalous heat generation induced by the interaction of hydrogen or deuterium gas with nano-metal. We will also describe recent progress in our research team.
We have been studying energy generation using nano-sized multilayer metal composites with hydrogen gas. Two nano-sized metal multilayer composite samples, which were composed of Ni, Cu, and the other thin films on bulk Ni (25mm×25mm×0.1mm), were used. These samples were fabricated by Ar ion beam or magnetron sputtering method.
Heat burst and excess energy generation were observed during the experiments under vacuum condition (< 10-5 Pa) using nano-sized metal multilayer composites on Ni substrate and hydrogen gas. Up to now, the value of averaged released energy evaluated with total amount of absorbed hydrogen reached as high as 21 keV/H or 2.0 GJ/Hmol [1]-[2].
We will talk about “heat burst phenomena induced by intentional change of input electrical power”, radiant calorimetry of excess heat production” and “optical observation of spontaneous heat burst phenomena.
References [1] Y. Iwamura et.al, J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. 33 (2020) 1–13. [2] Y. Iwamura et.al, Proceedings of 21st Meeting of Japan CF-Research Society, December 11-12, 2020, Online Meeting, to be published.
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Best book to get started on this subject:
EXCESS HEAT
Why Cold Fusion Research Prevailed by Charles Beaudette
https://www.abebooks.com/9780967854809/Excess-Heat-Why-Cold-Fusion-0967854806/plp
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Seems to me that if you squeezed two hydrogen atoms between two or more larger atoms that are relatively inert or have no affinity for hydrogen but do have a large affinity for each other, then the covalent pressure of the ‘squeezers’ would eventually cause the hydrogen nuclei to fuse....................
That is, more or less, what “lattice confinement” is all about.
It should work, then........................
Well, there’s 30 years of experiments and more than 152 peer reviewed replications... so, yeah, it can work. It deserves about 10% of the hot-fusion funding to develop it.
They just have to find the right combo.................
10% of the fusion funding oughtta do it.
The answer should be in the math......................
The Wright brothers flew airplanes long before the mathematical description of flight was developed.
Simplification is the right approach for the math, which is why I proposed the 1 dimensional Luttinger Liquid approach with my V1DLLBEC theory.
Group 1 of the Periodic Table represents Alkali Metals, with Hydrogen the least massive, residing at the top. Some chemists place Hydrogen in the Halogen Group. It is a bit oddball, going against the grain in the bonds it forms.
Due to the difficulties encountered in brute-forcing Hydrogen phase transition to the metallic, the characteristics allowing classification as a metal is usually glossed over in practice. The transfer of energy to achieve a lower resting state, so as to display the metallic phase character is problematic. Dynamic application of very high pressure has resulted in transient episodes of high electrical conduction as expected in a metal.
Experiments with heavy alkali metals, which aimed to promote formation of self organizing clusters, established a methodology to transfer excess energy to a second physical body. This process was eventually applied to formation of cluster hydrogen. This “condensation” energy is of the order of one-hundred times typical hydrogen chemical reaction results.
A high density cluster form of hydrogen results, which presents with the Superfluid Fountain and Meissner Effect at above room temperature. This cluster material is metastable with a more dense form, which occasionally has been observed as a seemingly spontaneous transformation.
That ultra dense form is compatible with quantum tunnel activity to achieve deuterium fusion. In other words, do not store in significant quantities, manufacture on a just-in-time use basis.
Like microseconds..................
Storage up to weeks was successful in a vacuum containment, shielded to minimize light, suppress electron discharges, alpha, or neutron exposure sourced within the lab. Cosmic ray remain a low probability, random trigger source, a roll-of-the-dice event. Small yield is tolerable.
Critics of P & F argued that a sustained 1watt fusion excess energy would equal a dose of 10e12 neutrons generated per second. Given that potential for generating a hazardous exposure, limiting the bulk quantity stored seems prudent until, or if a safe storage is devised.
PS:
This lineage of research dates over three decades, initiated to seek a method to reduce the work function of electrodes within a thermionic-to-electric conversion device. One finding lead to another, following down a series of Alice’s Rabbit Holes.
The TOF Mass Spectrometry results with Rydberg Hydrogen are where the results diverged from prediction. The data indicated the cluster fragments possessed too much energy—the implied target density was too high. New science often begins with “That’s odd—What the h€((?”
The assumption by P&F critics is that branching ratios in plasma are the same as in condensed matter.
In my view, this is an invalid assumption.
Photons are massless.
Therefore I can never run out of photons.
Photons generate electrons.
Therefore I can never run out of electrons.
Store the electrons......................
I doubt photons are massless. They have ‘negligible’ mass. That is not zero mass.
Black hole gravity pulls in anything that has mass. If photons were massless they would not get sucked into black holes.
They don’t get sucked into Black Holes. They just can’t leave them....................
You can check out any time you like, but you can never leave
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xzK_0hq9xHE
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