I remember seeing a film, many, many years ago, before computers and internet, that showed a shark in a pool that had a tiny current flowing between electrodes in the water.
The shark would not cross that line.
I thought then that it would be a great shark deterrent for beaches and not be very expensive. High voltage not required, so solar panels could be attached to permanent buoys anchored into the sea floor about a hundred yards out and keep a constant current flow that the sharks would not cross, like an electrified fence for livestock................
This summer on Cape Cod they are going to experiment with that technology for beaches..
Also some individuals have bought electrical devices to put on their surf boards kayacks, flippers etc. - Tom
This is the best new film on the subject IMHO
https://www.pbs.org/video/great-white-shark-new-perspectives-of-an-ancient-predator-zidgxv/