Posted on 05/07/2021 9:03:56 AM PDT by Triple
Salk researchers and collaborators show how the protein damages cells, confirming COVID-19 as a primarily vascular disease
LA JOLLA—Scientists have known for a while that SARS-CoV-2’s distinctive “spike” proteins help the virus infect its host by latching on to healthy cells. Now, a major new study shows that the virus spike proteins (which behave very differently than those safely encoded by vaccines) also play a key role in the disease itself.
The paper, published on April 30, 2021, in Circulation Research, also shows conclusively that COVID-19 is a vascular disease, demonstrating exactly how the SARS-CoV-2 virus damages and attacks the vascular system on a cellular level. The findings help explain COVID-19’s wide variety of seemingly unconnected complications, and could open the door for new research into more effective therapies.
Representative images of vascular endothelial control cells (left) and cells treated with the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein (right) show that the spike protein causes increased mitochondrial fragmentation in vascular cells. Click here for a high-resolution image. Credit: Salk Institute “A lot of people think of it as a respiratory disease, but it’s really a vascular disease,” says Assistant Research Professor Uri Manor, who is co-senior author of the study. “That could explain why some people have strokes, and why some people have issues in other parts of the body. The commonality between them is that they all have vascular underpinnings.”
Salk researchers collaborated with scientists at the University of California San Diego on the paper, including co-first author Jiao Zhang and co-senior author John Shyy, among others.
While the findings themselves aren’t entirely a surprise, the paper provides clear confirmation and a detailed explanation of the mechanism through which the protein damages vascular cells for the first time. There’s been a growing consensus that SARS-CoV-2 affects the vascular system, but exactly how it did so was not understood. Similarly, scientists studying other coronaviruses have long suspected that the spike protein contributed to damaging vascular endothelial cells, but this is the first time the process has been documented.
In the new study, the researchers created a “pseudovirus” that was surrounded by SARS-CoV-2 classic crown of spike proteins, but did not contain any actual virus. Exposure to this pseudovirus resulted in damage to the lungs and arteries of an animal model—proving that the spike protein alone was enough to cause disease. Tissue samples showed inflammation in endothelial cells lining the pulmonary artery walls.
The team then replicated this process in the lab, exposing healthy endothelial cells (which line arteries) to the spike protein. They showed that the spike protein damaged the cells by binding ACE2. This binding disrupted ACE2’s molecular signaling to mitochondria (organelles that generate energy for cells), causing the mitochondria to become damaged and fragmented.
Previous studies have shown a similar effect when cells were exposed to the SARS-CoV-2 virus, but this is the first study to show that the damage occurs when cells are exposed to the spike protein on its own.
“If you remove the replicating capabilities of the virus, it still has a major damaging effect on the vascular cells, simply by virtue of its ability to bind to this ACE2 receptor, the S protein receptor, now famous thanks to COVID,” Manor explains. “Further studies with mutant spike proteins will also provide new insight towards the infectivity and severity of mutant SARS CoV-2 viruses.”
The researchers next hope to take a closer look at the mechanism by which the disrupted ACE2 protein damages mitochondria and causes them to change shape.
Other authors on the study are Yuyang Lei and Zu-Yi Yuan of Jiaotong University in Xi’an, China; Cara R. Schiavon, Leonardo Andrade, and Gerald S. Shadel of Salk; Ming He, Hui Shen, Yichi Zhang, Yoshitake Cho, Mark Hepokoski, Jason X.-J. Yuan, Atul Malhotra, Jin Zhang of the University of California San Diego; Lili Chen, Qian Yin, Ting Lei, Hongliang Wang and Shengpeng Wang of Xi’an Jiatong University Health Science Center in Xi’an, China.
The research was supported by the National Institutes of Health, the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Shaanxi Natural Science Fund, the National Key Research and Development Program, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University; and Xi’an Jiaotong University.
A: Nobody knows whether or when. Not enough time has passed to observe long term results across populations.
The covid 19 virus issues should not be handled in such a slipshod way. At least they should have said how they came to know the mRNA derived spike protein behaves differently than the natural covid 19 spike protein.
Negligent reporting. No Ph.D., no Pulitzer. No bonus.
You believe that number?
Getready wrote: “The covid 19 virus issues should not be handled in such a slipshod way. At least they should have said how they came to know the mRNA derived spike protein behaves differently than the natural covid 19 spike protein.”
Several years ago, the WSJ reported the results of a study that examined the quality of students in various majors and the rigor of the curriculum. Journalism rated second from the bottom in both. Education was rated the worst in both.
No one knows. No one knew this would be a problem. We will find out when reports come in of premature heart failure or other diseases showing up in mRNA or DNA vaccinated people. At least 3 reasons for not having official FDA approval...1) unknown side effects 2) unknown long term effects 3) no liability for drug manufacturers under EUA.
This virus is exposing our lack of knowledge and prejudices in so many areas. Making fools of all of us.
Freegards
No I don’t believe it is a real number, but it is not zero either. True number is somewhere in the middle.
ha, I’ll tell my friend to just get all the jabs to be sure!
Look in the mirror.
Here’s the link to the study:
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2020/12/04/2020.12.04.409144.full.pdf
While you’re at it...look up Darsee affair and the Baltimore case for other examples of “scientific” hoo-hah.
Freegards
Yes! Theses prognosticators predicting FUTURE doom remind me of psychics who also make a living predicting FUTURE events.
If you don’t believe that number, why did you use it in your argument for the vaccine?
You might find this interesting too: “Science Fictions: How Fraud, Bias, Negligence, and Hype Undermine the Search for Truth Kindle Edition by Stuart Ritchie (Author)”
Will bkmk this post. Thank you.
Extracts:
Sources of Funding
This work was supported in part by grants from the National Institutes of Health grants R01HL106579 and R01HL140898 (J.S.); the National Natural Science Foundation of China 81870220 (S.P.W.); Shaanxi Natural Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China
S2020-JC-JQ-0239 (S.P.W.).
From the document:
Our data herein reveals that S protein alone can damage endothelium, manifested by impaired mitochondrial function and eNOS activity but increased glycolysis. The S protein- mediated endothelial impairment depends on ACE2 post-translational modifications. It appears that S protein in ECs increases redox stress which may lead to AMPK
deactivation, MDM2 upregulation, and ultimately ACE2 destabilization.⁴ It seems paradoxical that ACE2 reduction by S protein would decrease the virus infectivity, thereby protecting endothelium. However, a dysregulated renin-angiotensin system due to ACE2 reduction may exacerbate endothelial dysfunction, leading to endotheliitis. Collectively, our results suggest that the S protein-exerted EC damage overrides the decreased virus infectivity. This conclusion suggests that vaccination- generated antibody and/or exogenous antibody against S protein not only protects the host from SARS-CoV-2 infectivity but also inhibits S protein-imposed endothelial injury and ultimately decrease cardiovascular complication-associated mortality in COVID-19 patients.
No, it can't "attack" other cells. The vaccine is injected into muscle tissue, and those particles that enter a cell create an S-protein. That protein stays on the cell and the cell is attacked by the immune system. It's a 1 time cycle, with no reproduction. The number of S-proteins created by your cells is hard limited by the number of nano particles in the vaccine. In fact only a fraction of the particles will successfully find a cell before the lipid envelope dissolves. That's why we have trials to determine both the safe and the effective doses.
In the study discussed here, 100,000,000 psuedovirus particles were injected into the hamsters intratracheally, that is, directly into the lungs.
Ph.D. denied.
It's a news letter. The Salk Institute is a very credible source.
In the absence of knowledge of future risks of the vaccine, but known liw risks of the disease for me, I’m waiting a few years to see how it shakes out. I’ll decide for sure when I’m about 64.
I can.
January 2020, my lungs were clear.
February to March, 2020, hospitalized twice with COVID symptoms. Tests were not readily available and since I wasn’t considered high risk, they told me I had a respiratory infection, gave me meds, and sent me on my way.
April, 2020, pulmonologist confirms COVID scarring on my lungs. Repeated issues now start popping up with my kidneys.
August, 2020, they move me up to stage 3 COPD (aka emphysema).
Lots of tests, lots of meds, lots of missed work, thousands in medical bills.
November, downgraded back to COPD stage 1.
February, 2021, my adrenal system is depleted. Now I’m on 3 more meds, plus 2 inhalers, plus Cipro, plus steroids to make it through the week.
The long term effects are HELL ON EARTH.
A year of my life lost so far, and who knows how many years have been slashed off the end.
I am so angry, there are not words harsh enough to adequately convey it.
W O W !!!
Thanks for posting that. I had NO idea.
No, you look in the mirror. People are trying to have a serious discussion about what is probably the most serious issue of our lifetimes, and you can’t help but chime in with nothing but smugness and assholery because you think you are in the cool kids club for having allowed an experimental drug into your body?
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