Role of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) in the virulence of SARS-CoV-2 and its mitigation strategies for the development of vaccines and immunotherapies to counter COVID-19

NIH NCBI ^ | Aug 26 2020 | Karthik, Senthilkumar, Udhayavel, Raj

[dhuls]

Abstract Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has become a global threat and death tolls are increasing worldwide. The SARS-CoV-2 though shares similarities with SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, immunopathology of the novel virus is not understood properly. Previous reports from SARS and MERS-CoV documents that preexisting, non-neutralizing or poorly neutralizing antibodies developed as a result of vaccine or infection enhance subsequent infection, a phenomenon called as antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE). Since immunotherapy has been implicated for COVID-19 treatment and vaccine is under development, due consideration has to be provided on ADE to prevent untoward reactions. ADE mitigation strategies like the development of vaccine or immunotherapeutics targeting receptor binding motif can be designed to minimize ADE of SARS-CoV-2 since full-length protein-based approach can lead to ADE as reported in MERS-CoV. The present mini-review aims to address the phenomenon of ADE of SARS-CoV-2 through the lessons learned from SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV and ways to mitigate them so as to develop better vaccines and immunotherapeutics against SARS-CoV-2.

[dhuls]

Main Takeaway: the role of ADE in SARS-CoV-2 is not clear but earlier reports on other coronaviruses caution the complications associated with ADE.

Full Text: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21645515.2020.1796425

[Jane Long]

Yes....this is the warning that Dr Lee Merritt has given, as well.

[RC one]

More fear porn.

[blueunicorn6]

“Let’s see what happens.”

[Triple]

This is science. Fear porn I included videos of actors falling dead in the streets, exaggerating the tiny risk associated with a long used drug, hydroxychloraquine, or exaggeration of the death rates of COVID 19.

[RC one]

Neither COVID-19 disease nor the new COVID-19 vaccines have shown evidence of causing ADE. People infected with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, have not been likely to develop ADE upon repeat exposure. This is true of other coronaviruses as well. Likewise, studies of vaccines in the laboratory with animals or in the clinical trials in people have not found evidence of ADE.

[dhuls]

Time will tell. We are not being given all the details of risk associated with these experimental “vaccines”.

See: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33113270/

Take this information however you wish, but there is plenty of solid medical evidence available pointing to the need for us to be cautious of delayed and possibly long-term ramifications of these unapproved products.

[2aProtectsTheRest]

Important to note that ADE is not only seen with vaccines; it’s a general situation also seen with infections at times. ADE also depends largely on the absence of neutralizing antibodies. The two COVID-19 vaccines available in the US today both produce neutralizing antibody levels far greater than most COVID-19 infections.

In other words, if you’re worried about antibody-dependent enhancement, you’re likely better off with the vaccine than you are with getting infected. And if you already got infected, but had a mild case, you may still want to consider getting the vaccine. Neutralizing antibody levels from mild infections have been observed to be quite low and also drop quickly.

[Jane Long]

Fear porn?

Nice, drive-by smear, ya got there.

Or, FACT porn?

Unreal the push back, by a handful, here, when safety/effecacy...or ANYTHING about these EXPERIMENTAL ‘vax’s”, is questioned.