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‘Wild West’ mentality lingers in US mountain regions
University Cambridge ^ | 9/7/2020

Posted on 09/07/2020 10:11:03 AM PDT by LibWhacker

Distinct psychological mix associated with mountain populations is consistent with the theory that harsh frontiers attracted certain personalities.

This psychological fingerprint for mountainous areas may be an echo of the personality types that sought new lives in unknown territories Friedrich Götz

When historian Frederick Jackson Turner presented his famous thesis on the US frontier in 1893, he described the “coarseness and strength combined with acuteness and acquisitiveness” it had forged in the American character.

Now, well into the 21st century, and researchers led by the University of Cambridge have detected remnants of the pioneer personality in US populations of once inhospitable mountainous territory, particularly in the Midwest.

A team of scientists algorithmically investigated how landscape shapes psychology. They analysed links between the anonymised results of an online personality test completed by over 3.3 million Americans, and the “topography” of 37,227 US postal – or ZIP – codes.

The researchers found that living at both a higher altitude and an elevation relative to the surrounding region – indicating “hilliness” – is associated with a distinct blend of personality traits that fits with “frontier settlement theory”.

“The harsh and remote environment of mountainous frontier regions historically attracted nonconformist settlers strongly motivated by a sense of freedom,” said researcher Friedrich Götz, from Cambridge’s Department of Psychology.

“Such rugged terrain likely favoured those who closely guarded their resources and distrusted strangers, as well as those who engaged in risky explorations to secure food and territory.”

“These traits may have distilled over time into an individualism characterised by toughness and self-reliance that lies at the heart of the American frontier ethos” said Götz, lead author of the study.

“When we look at personality across the whole United States, we find that mountainous residents are more likely to have psychological characteristics indicative of this frontier mentality.”

Götz worked with colleagues from the Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Austria, the University of Texas, US, the University of Melbourne in Australia, and his Cambridge supervisor Dr Jason Rentfrow. The findings are published in the journal Nature Human Behaviour.

The research uses the “Big Five” personality model, standard in social psychology, with simple online tests providing high-to-low scores for five fundamental personality traits of millions of Americans.

The mix of characteristics uncovered by study’s authors consists of low levels of “agreeableness”, suggesting mountainous residents are less trusting and forgiving – traits that benefit “territorial, self-focused survival strategies”.

Low levels of “extraversion” reflect the introverted self-reliance required to thrive in secluded areas, and a low level of “conscientiousness” lends itself to rebelliousness and indifference to rules, say researchers.

“Neuroticism” is also lower, suggesting an emotional stability and assertiveness suited to frontier living. However, “openness to experience” is much higher, and the most pronounced personality trait in mountain dwellers.

“Openness is a strong predictor of residential mobility,” said Götz. “A willingness to move your life in pursuit of goals such as economic affluence and personal freedom drove many original North American frontier settlers.”

“Taken together, this psychological fingerprint for mountainous areas may be an echo of the personality types that sought new lives in unknown territories.”

The researchers wanted to distinguish between the direct effects of physical environment and the “sociocultural influence” of growing up where frontier values and identities still hold sway.

To do this, they looked at whether mountainous personality patterns applied to people born and raised in these regions that had since moved away.

The findings suggest some “initial enculturation” say researchers, as those who left their early mountain home are still consistently less agreeable, conscientious and extravert, although no such effects were observed for neuroticism and openness.

The scientists also divided the country at the edge of St. Louis – “gateway to the West” – to see if there is a personality difference between those in mountains that made up the historic frontier, such as the Rockies, and eastern ranges e.g. the Appalachians.

While mountains continue to be a “meaningful predictor” of personality type on both sides of this divide, key differences emerged. Those in the east are more agreeable and outgoing, while western ranges are a closer fit for frontier settlement theory.

In fact, the mountainous effect on high levels of “openness to experience” is ten times as strong in residents of the old western frontier as in those of the eastern ranges.

The findings suggest that, while ecological effects are important, it is the lingering sociocultural effects – the stories, attitudes and education – in the former “Wild West” that are most powerful in shaping mountainous personality, according to scientists.

They describe the effect of mountain areas on personality as “small but robust”, but argue that complex psychological phenomena are influenced by many hundreds of factors, so small effects are to be expected.

“Small effects can make a big difference at scale,” said Götz. “An increase of one standard deviation in mountainousness is associated with a change of around 1% in personality.”

“Over hundreds of thousands of people, such an increase would translate into highly consequential political, economic, social and health outcomes.”


TOPICS: History; Outdoors; Science; Society
KEYWORDS: mentality; mountain; west; wild
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Tremble in fear, commies!
1 posted on 09/07/2020 10:11:03 AM PDT by LibWhacker
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To: LibWhacker

That is where people instinctively go when the SHTF.


2 posted on 09/07/2020 10:16:08 AM PDT by immadashell (Save Innocent Lives - ban Gun Free Zones)
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To: LibWhacker

For a long time, people oppressed could move to new frontiers, whether moving to Americas from Europe, or to the West from the Eastern cities. There was a chance to start over.

Now there really aren’t many places to escape to without being subjugated by the ruling class.


3 posted on 09/07/2020 10:17:56 AM PDT by Fido969 (In!)
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To: LibWhacker

Robert Pirsig noted this in his second book LILA.

He attributed it to picking up personality traits from the Plains Indians.


4 posted on 09/07/2020 10:20:24 AM PDT by blueunicorn6 ("A crack shot and a good dancer”)
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To: LibWhacker

This is why the NWO and Commiecrats want to force people into population centers.


5 posted on 09/07/2020 10:21:53 AM PDT by Glad2bnuts (“If there are no absolutes by which to judge society, then society is absolute.” Francis Schaeffer)
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To: LibWhacker

That mentality also remains in some of us city dwellers


6 posted on 09/07/2020 10:24:39 AM PDT by Persevero (I am afraid propriety has been set at naught. - Jane Austen)
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To: Fido969

“There is nowhere else to go.”


7 posted on 09/07/2020 10:25:06 AM PDT by Persevero (I am afraid propriety has been set at naught. - Jane Austen)
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To: LibWhacker

Well, that’s a shocker. People who are tough, self-reliant, independent-minded and distrust strangers choose to live outside of cities. I wonder how much was spent on this study.


8 posted on 09/07/2020 10:29:17 AM PDT by throwthebumsout
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[[‘Wild West’ mentality lingers]]

Well we just can’;t have independence now can we? Must suppress, oppress, and distress till noone has a backbone anymore- /s


9 posted on 09/07/2020 10:29:39 AM PDT by Bob434
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To: LibWhacker

If you go to the mountain towns of Vail and Jackson Hole and Sun Valley, you will find that many of the people there display the personality characteristics of bragging, contempt, arrogance and general assholery.

These are the tourist from back East and California.


10 posted on 09/07/2020 10:30:13 AM PDT by blueunicorn6 ("A crack shot and a good dancer”)
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To: LibWhacker
Every community should be proud of their heritage, and aware of their flaws. As an extension...

This is the MAGA message

Rendre la France grande à nouveau
Сделай Россию снова великой
日本を再び素晴らしいものにする
讓中國再次偉大
Maak Nederland weer fantastisch
Deutschland wieder großartig machen
Återskapa Sveriges storhetstid
मेक इंडिया ग्रेट अगेन
Κάνε την Ελλάδα Μεγάλη Και πάλι
Fanya Afrika Mashariki iwe kubwa tena

Only by tending well your own garden can one properly help your neighbor at need
Love Thy Neighbor As Thyself absolutely requires loving yourself
11 posted on 09/07/2020 10:30:52 AM PDT by HangnJudge
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To: LibWhacker

Bump for later


12 posted on 09/07/2020 10:31:25 AM PDT by Lurkina.n.Learnin (With age comes wisdom or well practiced ignorance)
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To: LibWhacker

That certainly explains Switzerland, doesn’t it?


13 posted on 09/07/2020 10:32:54 AM PDT by null and void (The Left weaponizes everything in the service of tyranny.)
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To: Glad2bnuts

Little do they know, when they come for us, we’ll come for them.


14 posted on 09/07/2020 10:33:00 AM PDT by LibWhacker
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To: LibWhacker

What’s really sad is that the so-called “academics” take this kind of navel gazing seriously, As if it were actual science.


15 posted on 09/07/2020 10:33:28 AM PDT by BenLurkin (The above is not a statement of fact. It is either opinion or satire. Or both.)
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To: LibWhacker; Jim Robinson; Elsie; glock rocks

Left California 22 years ago to return to Utah after leaving here in 1967. Yeah us rugged hicks live in log cabins and have at least 3-4 firearms on hand to protect us from the pandering idiots.

16 posted on 09/07/2020 10:34:28 AM PDT by Utah Binger (Utah: Where the world comes to see America)
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To: null and void

This certainly explains Tibet, doesn’t it.


17 posted on 09/07/2020 10:34:52 AM PDT by bunkerhill7 (That`s 464 people per square foot! Is this corrrect?? It's NYC.)
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To: LibWhacker

When are these academic elites going to do a psychological profile of elite Hollywood leftists, Antifa members, and BLM supporters?


18 posted on 09/07/2020 10:38:52 AM PDT by Steve_Seattle
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To: LibWhacker

bookmark


19 posted on 09/07/2020 10:44:57 AM PDT by GOP Poet
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To: LibWhacker

And University of Cambridge spend millions on this BS...


20 posted on 09/07/2020 10:47:40 AM PDT by Deplorable American1776 (Proud to be a DeplorableAmerican with a Deplorable family...even the dog is, too. :-) Trump 2020)
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