Posted on 03/03/2020 9:11:53 AM PST by SeekAndFind
In the months since the novel coronavirus rose from a regional crisis to a global threat, drug makers large and small have scrambled to advance their best ideas for thwarting a pandemic.
Some are repurposing old antivirals. Some are mobilizing tried-and-true technologies, and others are pressing forward with futuristic approaches to human medicine.
Here’s a guide to some of the most talked-about efforts to treat or prevent coronavirus infection, with details on the science, history, and timeline for each endeavor.
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Approach: Treatment
Stage: Phase 3
Gilead’s remdesivir, an intravenous treatment, has already been used to treat one infected patient in the U.S. and will soon be deployed in a pair of large, late-stage studies in Asia. Later this month, Gilead will recruit about 1,000 patients diagnosed with the coronavirus to determine whether multiple doses of remdesivir can reverse the infection. The primary goals are reducing fever and helping patients get out of the hospital within two weeks. The drug, which previously failed in a study on Ebola virus, is also being studied in smaller trials in China and the U.S.
Approach: Vaccine
Stage: Phase 1
Moderna set a drug industry record with mRNA-1273, a vaccine candidate identified just 42 days after the novel coronavirus was sequenced. The company is working with the National Institutes of Health on a healthy-volunteer study expected to begin next month. If mRNA-1273 proves itself to be safe, the two organizations will enroll hundreds more patients to determine whether the vaccine protects against infection. Moderna’s product is a synthetic strand of messenger RNA, or mRNA, designed to convince bodily cells to produce antibodies against the virus. The company, founded in 2010, is yet to win Food and Drug Administration approval for any of its mRNA medicines.
Approach: Vaccine
Stage: Preclinical
Like Moderna, CureVac uses man-made mRNA to spur the production of proteins. And, like Moderna, it got a grant from the nonprofit Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations to apply its technology to coronavirus. CureVac has said it expects to have a candidate ready for human testing within a few months. The company is also working with CEPI on a mobile mRNA manufacturing technology, one that would theoretically allow health care workers to rapidly produce vaccines to respond at the site of an outbreak.
Approach: Vaccine
Stage: Preclinical
GlaxoSmithKline, one of the world’s largest vaccine manufacturers, is lending its technology to a Chinese biotech firm at work on a coronavirus vaccine. Under an agreement signed last month, GSK is providing its proprietary adjuvants — compounds that enhance the effectiveness of vaccines — to Clover Biopharmaceuticals, a privately held company based in Chengdu. Clover’s approach involves injecting proteins that spur an immune response, thereby priming the body to resist infection. The company has not said when it expects to advance into human testing.
Approach: Vaccine
Stage: Preclinical
Inovio has spent the last four decades working to turn DNA into medicine, and the company believes its technology could quickly generate a vaccine for the novel coronavirus. Working with CEPI grant money, Inovio has come up with a DNA vaccine it believes can generate protective antibodies and keep patients from infection. The company has partnered with a Chinese manufacturer, Beijing Advaccine Biotechnology, and is working through preclinical development with a candidate called INO-4800. The company expects to progress into clinical trials later this year.
Approach: Vaccine and treatment
Stage: Preclinical
Johnson & Johnson, which has in the past responded to outbreaks of the Ebola and Zika viruses, is taking a multipronged approach to the coronavirus. The company is in the early days of developing a vaccine that would introduce patients to a deactivated version of the virus, triggering an immune response without causing infection. At the same time, J&J is working with the federal Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority on potential treatments for patients who are already infected, a process that includes investigating whether any of its older medicines might work against the coronavirus.
Approach: Treatment
Stage: Preclinical
Regeneron has grown into a $50 billion business based on its ability to craft human antibodies out of genetically engineered mice. Now it’s tapping that technology in hopes of treating coronavirus. The company is immunizing its antibody-generating mice with a harmless analog of the novel coronavirus, generating potential treatments for the infection. The most potent antibody results will go into animal testing, and if everything goes according to plan, Regeneron will be ready for human testing by late summer. The last time Regeneron embarked on this process, during the Ebola outbreak of 2015, it came up with an antibody cocktail that roughly doubled survival rates for treated patients.
Approach: Vaccine
Stage: Preclinical
Sanofi, which has successfully developed vaccines for yellow fever and diphtheria, is working with BARDA on an answer to the coronavirus. Sanofi’s approach involves taking some of the coronavirus’s DNA and mixing it with genetic material from a harmless virus, creating a chimera that can prime the immune system without making patients sick. Sanofi expects to have a vaccine candidate to test in the lab within six months and could be ready to test a vaccine in people within a year to 18 months. Approval would likely be at least three years away, the company said. Sanofi previously put its technology to work against SARS, a close relative of the novel virus.
Approach: Treatment
Stage: Preclinical
Vir Biotechnology, a company focused on infectious disease, has isolated antibodies from people who survived SARS, a viral relative of the novel coronavirus, and is working to determine whether they might treat the infection. Teaming up with Chinese pharma contractor WuXi Biologics, the San Francisco-based Vir is in the early stages of development and hasn’t specified when it expects to have products ready for human testing. Vir’s CEO, Biogen veteran George Scangos, is also coordinating the trade group BIO’s response to the coronavirus outbreak.
Many thanks for posting this info!
Was anyone in the US being treated with remdesivir?
Remdesivir was not actually a “failure”, it just performed less well than other viral treatments. In the big ebola trial of 4 candidates, it did the worst, with a 53% mortality rate. But the untreated rate is 67%, so it helped some. ZMapp, which is the drug they actually threw into the last big outbreak, performed slightly better, 47% mortality, but was dropped, as the other two drugs were kicking it (34% i for mAb114, and 29% for Regeneron).
And, the Israeli vaccine.
Listen to me and listen to me clearly
The vaccine industry is evil. They are so evil that they have the medical establishment both political parties and world governments all behind them cheering
Let me ask you some questions about “vaccines”
What are the number of deaths and permit injuries caused every year by the injection of foreign DNA and adjuncts into peoples blood streams?
What is been the rate of this casualties since 1970 year-by-year?
What is been the rate of increase of autism and autism spectrum disorders and how is this correlated with the rise of forced vaccines of infants?
How many billions of dollars are in the US government fund to pay off the families whose lives have been ruined when their children are tainted for life and could never take care of themselves ?
The bottom line is vaccines don’t work and cause more harm than good
This is not debatable - the jury is not out on the subject
Unfortunately in this world people do not understand science do not understand bio chemistry do not understand chemistry and are subject to the whims of the “wizards of smart” who tell them they have their interest at heart
No I’m going to ask you a question- Do you remember the mass media scare over measles that went on for months and months and months last year?
Do you remember how governments in very liberal states like New York and California pass laws to override all parental objections and force children to have injections of “measles vaccine’s”?
What I’m telling you here is that you are in charge of your own health !
do not rely on the government - health care pharma - media complex to tell you how to take care of your own health!
They will lie to you with impunity
They do not care at all about your health
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