July 27, 1943:
- July 22: "Because the U.S. State Department continues to delay any action on the Riegner Plan to save 70,000 Jews, American Rabbi Stephen Wise pleads with President Franklin Roosevelt to support the plan.
Roosevelt allows the plan to be killed because of "strenuous British objections." - "July 23: "Forty-year-old Mandel Langer, active as an anti-Nazi saboteur since the end of 1942, is captured and executed in Toulouse, France.
- "The German armored offensive at Kursk, Russia, the largest tank battle in history, fails.
- July 24: "Twenty-one young Jewish partisans in Vilna, Lithuania, join with Soviet partisans behind German lines.
North of Vilna, nine of the Jews are killed in an ambush at the Mickun bridge.
Three days later, 32 relatives of the nine dead partisans are seized by the Gestapo at Vilna, taken to nearby gravel pits at Ponary, and executed.
Bruno Kittel, head of the Gestapo in Vilna, announces that the entire family of any Jew who escapes the ghetto to the forest will be executed.
If an escapee has no family or roommates, all residents of his building will be executed.
Further, if any ten-man Jewish labor gang comes back short, the remaining gang laborers will be executed. - "The Spanish government intervenes on behalf of 367 Sephardic Jews in Salonika, Greece, seeing that they are spared deportation to Auschwitz and sent instead to safety in Spain.
- "Britain's Royal Air Force begins raids against Hamburg, Germany.
- July 25: "Italian dictator Benito Mussolini resigns under pressure and is arrested.
- "A young Jew in the Janówska, Ukraine, labor camp near Lvov, apparently pleased by Mussolini's downfall, angers a Gestapo agent, who orders the youth hung upside down, his penis amputated and placed in his mouth, and his stomach kicked until he dies.
- July 27: "Germans murder 17 Jews discovered hiding in the rubble of the Warsaw Ghetto."
"The new leaders of the Polish government-in-exile, Prime Minister Stanislaw Mikolajczyk (right, in uniform) and President Wladyslaw Raczkiewicz (in suit), receive a report from their officers.
Initially established in Paris, the government-in-exile moved to London in July 1940.
From there officials broadcast radio messages of hope back to Poland.
They also used couriers like Jan Karski to learn as much as possible of what was occurring in Poland, and they tried to support the Resistance with arms and intelligence information."
"The drawings of Walter Spitzer dramatically portray the horrors of the Holocaust.
Here, the dead and the skeletal living are intertwined.
Arms and legs dangle over the side of the wagon as it makes its last journey."
"Spitzer's depiction of emaciated bodies in a variety of positions testify to the living hell of life in the camp."