August 9, 1942:
- "The Jewish Council of Zwierzyniec, Poland, ransoms its community with gold.
Only 52 of the town's poorest Jews are seized for deportation. - "180 Jews escape to forests outside Mir, Belorussia.
- "The Jewish community at Radun, Belorussia, is liquidated.
- "Fifteen hundred Jews from Kremenets, Ukraine, are relocated to the Bialokrynitsa camp; See August 10, 1942."
- Umschlagplatz
"The tragic history of the Warsaw Jewish community resonates with the word Umschlagplatz (transfer point).
During the massive deportations that began in July 1942, an average of 7000 Jews per day were forcibly marched to the Umschlagplatz, a way station on the route to the Treblinka extermination camp.
"During the first ten days of the Aktion, 65,000 Jews were herded through the Umschlagplatz en route to their deaths.
The violence of this operation surpassed anything the Nazis had previously perpetuated in Warsaw.
The SS, German police, and their able-bodied and willing Latvian and Ukrainian helpers prowled the streets of Warsaw in search of their Jewish prey.
"As long as the deportations continued, the Jews of Warsaw clearly understood that survival depended on avoiding the Umschlagplatz, the antechamber to death."
"The Nazis kept meticulous records of the population in the Theresienstadt camp/ghetto.
This July 1942 document charts the ghetto's human gender.
July marked a significant transition at Theresienstadt:
All gentiles were moved out to make room for trainloads of arriving Jews, many of them eminent persons, from Germany and Austria."
"Yeheskel Atlas was a Polish physician and partisan commander. Atlas's entire family died in the Slonim (Belorussia) Ghetto in November 1941.
He remained in the ghetto until July 1942, when he escaped into a partisan company.
Atlas led a number of successful attacks against German installations, but he was mortally wounded in a battle at Wielka Wola, Poland."
August 10, 1942:
- "One thousand Jews deported by train from the Theresienstadt, Czechoslovakia, camp/ghetto on August 4 are transferred to gassing vans at Maly Trostinets (near Minsk, Belorussia), executed, and dumped into open graves.
- "Eight hundred Jews are murdered at Brzozów, Poland.
- "Six German and Ukrainian policemen are killed by Jews while attempting to enter the Jewish ghetto at Kremenets, Ukraine; See August 11, 1942."
- Adam Czerniaków's Diary
"Adam Czerniaków, a balding engineer in his early 60s, headed the Warsaw Ghetto's Judenrat (Jewish Council) for nearly three years.
He wrote almost daily in his diary, which eventually consisted of nine notebooks.
The fifth notebook is missing, yet it remains unclear how any part of this important diary survived at all. Rosalia Pietkiewicz, a Warsaw Ghetto survivor, purchased it from an unidentified source in 1959.
The original copy has been in Jerusalem at Yad Vashem since 1964.
"Czerniaków's reports, many of which begin with the morning temperature, reveal him to be a modest man who worked against impossible odds to save Jewish lives.
His last entry, dated July 23, 1942, states:
"It is 3 o'clock. So far 4000 are ready to go. The orders are that there must be 9000 by 4 o'clock."
The numbers refer to the daily quota of Jews that the Nazis required the Judenrat to assemble for "resettlement."
"All but a relative few of the Warsaw Ghetto's Jews perished in the Holocaust.
A majority were deported to Treblinka and gassed.
Especially distressed by his inability to save the ghetto's children, Czerniaków committed suicide on July 23, soon after writing his diary's final entry."
"In July 1942 22,000 Jews from the area of Rzeszów, Poland, were sent to the Belzec death camp.
Another 1000 Jews were brought to the nearby Rudna Forest and shot.
Here, Jewish women undress before execution.
The Germans usually required the Jews to disrobe so that their clothes could be sent back for use in Germany."
"This propaganda photograph presents a staged view of the living conditions in the barracks of the Dutch transit camp Westerbork.
The plump pillows and crisp sheets that cover each bunk were calculated to assure the Red Cross that inmates were enjoying sanitary and comfortable conditions.
Of course, nothing could have been further from the truth.
Additional insult arose from the facti occupation of the Netherlands brought suffering and hardship to the populace, including this young child.
This photograph is part of a series documenting the German occupation taken by Emmy Andreisse, a member of the Dutch Resistance.
Before the war she had studied photography and graphic design.
During the war years she put her talents to work in "Hidden Camera," a project designed to photograph conditions in the Netherlands under the occupation."
August 11, 1942:
- "Jews resisting deportation from Kremenets, Ukraine, set the ghetto on fire.
- "In Belgium, 999 Jews, including 172 children, are deported to their deaths in the East."
"Jews of Nice sort through a pile of potatoes on the street.
By 1942 many French Jews were reduced to poverty.
The antisemitic policies of the Vichy government deprived many Jews of their livelihoods.
When the deportation of Jews began in July 1942, the administrator of Nice was anxious to get rid of the nearly 8000 Jews who lived under his authority.
In France, most Jews who were deported were foreign Jews."
"The fact that the Ukrainian town of Tluste had relatively few Jews did not mean that the Nazis would leave it unmolested.
Their intention was to kill every last Jew in Europe, and 300 of Tluste's Jews were sent ot the Belzec death camp in August 1942.
Another 1000 were shipped to Belzec on October 5.
This photograph shows the deportation to Belzec."
"Two SS officers from Dachau, Germany, enjoy a break from their duties during a furlough at a local lake.
Many camp officials successfully moved between their jobs as concentration-camp guards and life's normal routines.
Time away from the camps was spent with families and, often, on vacation.
The normalcy with which camp officials approached their jobs is one of the more perplexing facets of the Holocaust.
The vast majority of individuals involved in the genocide of the Jews were 'ordinary men.' "