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BRITAIN PREPARING TO WARN GERMANY ANEW TO SHUN WAR (8/30/38)
Microfiche-New York Times archives | 8/30/38 | Ferdinand Kuhn Jr.

Posted on 08/30/2008 6:13:01 AM PDT by Homer_J_Simpson

BRITAIN PREPARING TO WARN GERMANY ANEW TO SHUN WAR

Cabinet Meeting Today Likely to Instruct Envoy to Tell Reich of Risks of Conflict

HITLER TOUR UPSETS PARIS

But French Hear Reich Army Opposes War – German Police Go into Czechoslovakia

British leaders met yesterday to discuss the Czechoslovak situation in preparation for today’s Cabinet meeting. There were indications that Ambassador Henderson would be instructed to warn Germany, without threat or bluster, of the risks she would take by invasion.

The organ of the Berlin Foreign Office said “a latent crisis is threatening to become acute.” It urged that the Czech leaders be pressed to “mend matters radically and without delay.” This note was struck as Adolf Hitler was on a swift tour of the new German fortifications in the Rhineland.

The British mission at Prague revealed that Henlein had shown no sign of a compromising spirit. Viscount Runciman vainly tried to get him to meet President Benes.

The French Cabinet met and will beet again today to consider the foreign and domestic situation. France, while disturbed by Hitler’s tour, was less nervous than London. Word had come that the German high command was opposed to war.

Anxiety over the tension in Europe caused the widest decline since March 29 in the New York stock market. Leading issues fell 2 to 5 points.

New British Warning Likely

By FERDINAND KUHN Jr.
Special Cable to THE NEW YORK TIMES.
LONDON, Aug. 29.-a red light of warning was still shining steadily from London toward Berlin tonight after another day of anxious conferences on the Czech-German crisis.

Sir John Simon, Chancellor of the Exchequer, flashed one warning signal Saturday in his Lanark speech; Sir Nevile Henderson, British Ambassador to Berlin, may be instructed to wave the red light more closely before German eyes after the meeting of Ministers – in affect, a full Cabinet meeting – that Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain has summoned for tomorrow morning.

For the British feel that the most hopeful course for them at the moment is to convince Germany, quietly and without threats or bluster, of the incalculable risks that an attack on Czechoslovakia would entail.

Will Avoid Commitments

Mr. Chamberlain and his colleagues will not commit their people to fight to preserve Czechoslovakia in her present form, nor will they give France a blank check in Central Europe. They may make desperate efforts to stay out of war if an attack on Czechoslovakia comes; the British may try to persuade France – as they did so successfully after the outbreak of the Spanish civil war – to hold aloof.

But the fact remains, and it is understood throughout the length and breadth of Britain tonight, that this country probably would be dragged in before long. This explains the almost desperate efforts the British Government has been making in the past few days to settle the quarrel in the heart of Europe where Britain has never had any direct interests and where many of the names on the map are utterly unfamiliar to nine out of ten Britons.

Almost every conceivable device has been tried – even, it is said, an appeal on the telephone the other night by Viscount Halifax, the Foreign Secretary, direct to Konrad Henlein, Sudeten German leader in Czechoslovakia.

But there remains only slender hope in London tonight that the Sudeten Germans can be persuaded to accept the latest Czech offer of cantonal autonomy or, indeed, any proposals by Prague as a basis for new negotiations. Messages from the mission of Viscount Runciman, British mediator in Prague, emphasized that Herr Henlein had not yielded an inch in his week-end meeting with the British negotiators. It is recognized increasingly here that Herr Henlein is only an agent, and that there is little use in trying to work upon him without a word of conciliation from his masters in Berlin.

Henderson Makes Report

Yet Ambassador Henderson, who had been recalled hurriedly to London yesterday, reported to his chiefs today that Prague’s cantonal proposals would be unacceptable to Germany. This was the somber background of conferences on both sides of Downing Street today – this and the ever-rising crescendo of anti-Czech campaign in the German newspapers.

The Ambassador spent the whole morning at the Foreign Office discussing the situation for two hours with his immediate superiors before Lord Halifax arrived to hear the new from Berlin. Also present at the morning’s conversations was Sir Robert Vansittart, the government’s Chief Diplomatic Adviser, who appears to have regained some of his oldtime authority after several months of eclipse. After lunch Lord Halifax, Sir John Simon, Sir Robert Vansittart and Ambassador Henderson walked across Downing Street to meet Mr. Chamberlain, who had returned from a week-end of fishing looking better than at any time since his attack of sinusitis began a month ago.

Peril Seen in Press Attacks

The Downing Street talk lasted eighty minutes, during which the whole situation was reviewed preparatory to tomorrow’s Cabinet meeting. One encouraging factor was the absence of any serious incident along the Czech-German frontier in spite of the Henleinist proclamation authorizing the Sudeten Germans to arm themselves in “self-defense.” There is an impression here that the Sudeten Germans will be willing to maintain law and order among themselves and that the proclamation may not have been fully authorized by the party leaders. The chief danger of an incident now, it is felt here, comes from the violence of the German press attacks across the border.

German charges of Czech “brutality” cause all the more annoyance here because the British Government has been careful to investigate every border “incident” of which the Germans have complained. Detailed reports reaching London from British observers show that the word exaggeration is an understatement of the way in which these “incident” have been treated in the German press. Every trivial squabble has been magnified and some have been invented that never took place at all. Indeed, the Czech Government is found to have been remarkably accurate in its own versions of happenings along the frontier.

Today’s conference did more, however, than deplore anti-Czech press tactics by Germany or hear depressing reports from Berlin and Prague. Their job was not only to plan for success in the negotiations but also to guard against possible failure. Suppose the latest Czech offer should be rejected and Lord Runciman should find his task hopeless – what then? This is one of the questions that Ministers probably will discuss around the Cabinet table tomorrow.

Hitler Offer Rumored

Government quarters suggested today that the Czechs might be asked to concede still more than they had already offered. There were also rumors of an impending offer by Chancellor Hitler guaranteeing peace and protection to a truncated Chechoslovak State in return for voluntary abandonment of the Sudeten areas to Germany. Whether these rumors started in Berlin or London could not be discovered tonight, but the British might conceivably support such a scheme and press it upon the Czechs if all else failed. For the British Government is not making such frantic efforts just “for the beautiful eyes of the Czechs,” as one observer put it, but for the peace of Europe.

Meanwhile, the unanimity of the British press is not the least remarkable by-product of a situation that itself has no exact parallel in British diplomatic history. In the whole country there is not a dissenting editorial voice. In London and the provinces newspapers of all shades of political opinion agree that a German attack on Czechoslovakia might drag Britain into war and applaud the government for having said so.

The easy optimism of a week ago has disappeared; in its place there is a more realistic awareness of the European situation than ever before. For the first time in many months Mr. Chamberlain is backed by a united British press on a great issue of foreign policy. Whatever may happen in the next few weeks, the British press is wide awake and its readers have been warned.

HENLEIN AVOIDED RUNCIMAN PLANS [Pg. 4]

Details of Conference Reveal That Sudeten Leader Dodged Issue on Canton Idea

WAS WAITING INSTRUCTION

Report of Gestapo Infiltration and Rumors of ‘Pretext’ add to Prague Tension

By G. E. R. GEDYE
Wireless to THE NEW YORK TIMES.
PRAGUE, Czechoslovakia, Aug. 29.-Details were available today concerning two interviews that Viscount Runciman and his assistant, Frank Ashton-Gwatkin, had yesterday with the Sudeten leader, Konrad Henlein. They indicate that the gravity of the situation was increased by the attitude of mind of Herr Henlein.

It was at first extremely hard for Mr. Ashton-Gwatkin to persuade Herr Henlein to abandon the inflammatory speechmaking tour that he had planned and to get him to comply with Lord Runciman’s urgent request for an immediate interview. When Lord Runciman saw Herr Henlein, he seemed to have realized that in stopping Sunday’s inflammatory Henleinist campaign he had reached the limit of his achievements.

Mr. Ashton-Gwatkin had secured the approval of Foreign Secretary Viscount Halifax and the British Cabinet of the proposal for cantonal self-government for Czechoslovakia that he had brought to London from Prague. These proposals were at first discussed between Lord Runciman and President Eduard Benes at their preliminary conference and since then have been worked out in great detail.

They were a compromise between the Czech Government proposal for regional autonomy for the historic provinces of Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia and Herr Henlein’s totalitarian demands for full territorial autonomy for a province to be formed of German-speaking inhabitants.

Henlein Is Evasive

Yesterday Lord Runciman put before Herr Henlein the fact that these plans had met the approval of London and urged that on the basis of them negotiations should start at once between Herr Henlein and the Czechoslovak Cabinet.

For the second time Lord Runciman found that he was dealing not so much with a Sudeten leader as with Chancellor Adolf Hitler’s mouthpiece. Herr Henlein was “unable to say,” he “could not answer,” and he “must consult further.”

On one thing Herr Henlein was positive: he was not in a position to consider any compromise. He must stick to his Karlsbad program and must have full “territorial” autonomy, including “recognition of the German nation” within the Czechoslovak republic. More than the, it seemed, the could not say until he had heard his master’s voice.

Reports were cabled out this evening by news agencies that Herr Henlein was to see President Benes tomorrow. They are incorrect. Lord Runciman tried to bring this about but without success. Herr Henlein was not interested. Later tonight another story was cabled abroad that President Benes tomorrow would receive Ernst Kundt, Herr Henlein’s spokesman at previous negotiations. This may prove to have something to it, since steps to make this possible have been taken.

Extremists Dislike Kundt

Curiously enough, however, the news of this meeting was privately circulated almost before the negotiations had begun, from the Henleinist headquarters in Prague. Herr Kundt has earned himself some unpopularity among Sudeten extremists by having ventured to see the Czechs as frequently as he has done and it is possible that the premature reports of a meeting between Herr Kundt and President Benes tomorrow were circulated in order to discredit the former with the radical wing.

There are other signs in Czechoslovakia today of growing tension. First of these was the delivery of a new German note of protest to the Prague Foreign Office. This was erroneously announced on Saturday by the German news agencies.

This note carefully dug out and recorded a “slight on the German Army,” contained in an editorial in an obscure provincial newspaper, the Sleszky Denik.

The serious Czech press admits that the article is injudicious and vulgar but adds with justice that if Prague were to record, and make the subject of protest in the same way, every insult to the Czechoslovak Army and republic appearing in the German press, the stream of protests would be unbroken. The German note demands the “punishment of the offenders and measures to prevent a repetition.”

Incidents Provoked

The Henleinist “self-defense” proclamation of Friday resulted in a plentiful crop of incidents over the week-end in many parts of the country, including Prague. Most of them fell under the heading of public house brawls, but one tonight near Trautenau had repercussions.

Henleinist Storm Troopers armed with rubber truncheons fell foul of Czech fortification workers after dark. The scuffle was so exaggerated by Henlein Party Deputy Koellner – who telephoned to various Ministries to protest – as to cause serious alarm in official quarters that Germany intended to use it as “the pretext.” Herr Koellner also got the members of Lord Runciman’s staff out of bed to attend to the scare. It is likely to have legal consequences for the Deputy tomorrow.

The incidents of the week-end and tonight are all seen here as a part of a new intensive Henleinist campaign to produce fuel for the German propaganda machine and in consequence many newspapers tonight publish an earnest warning to all Czechoslovak citizens to realize the dangers of the situation and to refuse to allow themselves to be tempted by agents provocateurs into reacting.

Party Asks Abstinence

The German Social Democratic party has issued an order to its members, urging them to refrain as far as possible from drinking alcohol in inns while the present danger lasts, when every beerhouse quarrel can be magnified into an international incident with the possible gravest results.

A direct report to this correspondent tonight indicated that tension is now prevailing throughout the Sudeten areas. At noon today the rumor was spread abroad there that Herr Henlein would visit Komotov. Henleinist Storm Troopers immediately demanded that all house owners should beflag their premises.

At 3:30 Herr Henlein arrived, escorted by a large contingent of motorized Storm Troops and drove through cheering crowds. He went to the Town Hall, where he gave an address to local leaders, described as strictly confidential. And then drove off.

After his departure from Komotov the population was in a state of panic. Alarmist rumors concerning an immediate move by Germany were circulated and Prague was stormed by telephone calls asking what was happening. The streets and cafes were filled with anxious people asking for the latest news.

The Nardoni Politika revealed tonight that the Henlein party was collecting and sending to Germany as many reservist noncommissioned officers of German nationality as could be induced to go and could be got out without attracting too much attention.

They go in the guise of persons seeking employment, but on their arrival it is stated that they are enrolled in the Sudeten Legion, which is being built up on the model of the former Austrian Legion.

Further alarms were circulated in Prague tonight that President Benes had asked Lord Runciman to bring Herr Henlein to him during the course of the night on the most urgent business. Official quarters were unable to confirm these stories and members of Lord Runciman’s mission declared their disbelief.

The fact that they were widely circulated and cabled abroad by responsible news agencies is indicative, however, of the extreme tension here.

Tonight, for the first time, reports found their way into the press – which have long been held in official circles to be well founded – that Gestapo [German secret police] agents had been infiltrating into Sudeten areas and disappearing into employment in Henleinist firms.

Storm Troops Stand By

The Prager Mittag, which published the report, estimated their number at 7,000, which is probably excessive. So perhaps is the estimate that reached another paper, that within the last few months 400 such agents had been arrested in possession of Yugoslav or Swiss passports. That these reports have a very serious basis in fact, however, can be stated with confidence.

It is less possible to speak confidently of the accuracy of the details that have reached German democratic circles here concerning concentrations of German Elite Guards and Strom Troop formations in the Glatz district – the tongue of German Silesia that projects into Eastern Czechoslovakia.

It was a flight of two Czech planes over this district a few weeks ago that produced an unprecedented storm in the German press.

Since Aug. 15, it is now reported, all Elite Guard and Storm Troop formations in Silesia have been ordered to stand by at Glatz ready for immediate orders. In this connection all Strength Through Joy excursions to Silesia have recently been canceled.

It is believed in German democratic circles here that the idea is for a big force of Storm Troopers and Elite Guards rather than the German Army to undertake any action that might be started against Czechoslovakia. This could then be either officially supported or reproved, as developments rendered advisable.

Among the reinforcements of local Elite Guards reported to have come into Glatz since Aug. 15 are Standard 178 (Freiberg), 189 (Doebeln), 104, (Chemnitz), 106 and 107 (motorized from Leipzig), Armored Car Detachment No. 4 from Kamenz, Deathshead Standards 3 and 46 from Weimar and Leipzig. All these detachments have served four weeks with the infantry and thirteen with the artillery.

Stocks Tumble Here Owing to War Scares; Leaders Off 2 to 5 Points as Ticker Lags

Leading stocks fell 2 to 5 points and the stock market suffered its widest decline yesterday since March 29 as anxiety increased over the political tension in Europe. The turnover of 1,248,000 shares on the Stock Exchange was the heaviest since Aug. 12. Bonds and commodities weakened and there was a heavy demand abroad for dollars.

The stock market took its cue from the weakness in the share markets in Europe. There was a heavy accumulation of selling orders at the opening and at times during the forenoon the stock ticker ran several minutes late in reporting transactions. Although the volume was smaller in the late trading, many leading issues closed at the lows of the day.

Some of the principal losers were Allied Chemical off 5 points, Anaconda Copper off 2 ¼, Santa Fe off 2 5/8, Bethlehem Steel off 4 1/8, Chesapeake and Ohio off 2 1/8, Chrysler Corporation of 4 ½, Consolidate Edison off 2, Crucible Steel off 3, Dow Chemical off 3 ½, du Pont off 5, General Motors off 3, Inland Steel off 3 7/8, International Harvester off 3 5/8, Johns Manville off 3, Union Carbide off 3 ½, United States Steel off 3 3/8, and Westinghouse Electric off 3 ½.

Despite the fact that war scares usually grain prices, the grain markets turned weaker along with other commodities. September wheat closed at 63 7/8 cents a bushel, down one cent. Cotton declined 5.5 to 70 cents a bale. All groups of bonds weakened, although, curiously enough, the Czechoslovak Government 8a mounted 3 1/8 points to a price of 74.

There was a heavy demand for dollars in London, Paris, Amsterdam and Switzerland. The pound sterling dipped about 1/8 cent to$4.86 ¾, its lowest level since May 15, 1935, or to a level slightly above its old parity of $4.8665; the rate closed at $4.86 15-16, off 3/8 cent. The Dutch guilder touched 54.39 1/8 cents, lowest since Feb. 11, 1937, and the Swiss franc moved down 4 ½ points to 22.85 cents. The free mark at 40.08 ½ cents was up ½ point on the day; the lira was nominally unchanged at 5.26 ¼ cents. The hoarding demand for gold featured the London market for the metal and $3,038,000 was engaged for shipment to New York.

[I made an extra-small copy of this story and I nearly went blind when it was time to copy the fractions. I do not attest to the accuracy of them all. From now on I will make all copies at least 100% of normal news print size.-Homer]

FRENCH DISTURBED BY TOUR OF HITLER

Wonder Whether He Inspected Frontier to See If He Could Again Ignore Army Advice

LINE NOT READY, IT IS HELD

Paris, Decided on its Stand, Is Calm – Cabinet Meets and Will Gather Again Today

By P. J. PHILIP
Wireless to THE NEW YORK TIMES.
PARIS, Aug. 29.-With Chancellor Hitler making a personal examination of the bridgehead fortifications at Kehl the French Cabinet met today and will meet again tomorrow to discuss the foreign and internal situations.

With regard to the foreign situation the French attitude is different from and quieter than that of London. For the French have made up their minds while the British are in the throes of that process. Here there is no uncertainty and there is no division of opinion on the issue that if Germany forced Czechoslovakia to fight France would keep her engagements.

At the same time there is less nervousness here than in London about the outcome of the present efforts to keep peace. The French are informed, and put trust in their information, that the German high command is opposed to taking the risk of war. They are assured from Prague that the situation is not yet desperate and that all hope should not be abandoned.

It is considered disturbing but at the same time reassuring that all parties in the Sudeten German discussion seem now to be principally concerned with seeking to lay the blame on some one else. In some measure it is thought British nervousness is one result of these tactics for Viscount Runciman’s role may end in the misfortunes that traditionally befall the peace-maker.

Hitler Tour Disturbing

Today’s most disturbing new development, as viewed from Paris, is Hitler’s personal visit to the Siegfried Line accompanied by eight generals and a goodly display of staff officers. It was against the advice of his military counselors and the high command that the Chancellor occupied the Rhineland. It was against the advice of the same high command that he seized Austria. Perhaps, it is suggested it was with the intention of once more disregarding the same kind of advice that he went today to see how far the Siegfried Line was in condition to withstand an attack from the west.

The line is not ready. Of that the French are sure. At the same time they are sure also that it is far enough advanced to be a serious obstacle to any advance toward the relief of Czechoslovakia.

They themselves are far better prepared for defense than for attack. Tomorrow they begin their second series of manoeuvres in the foothills of Jura Department, where the Maginot line fades out as it approaches the Swiss frontier and there is a hole that needs plugging.

About one other thing the French are sure. In this country there would be no division of opinion if war should come. The French would fight as they did in 1914, as a unit. About Germany they are not so sure. That is, indeed, what gives an added element of uncertainty to the situation. For at Nuremberg, it is felt, Hitler must give his troops some strong meat to feed on if he is to keep them on top of the simmering discontent that has shown itself more markedly during the past few weeks than for a long time past.

Fiscal Situation Complicated

Besides the international situation, the Cabinet considered today the perpetual worries of labor and finance. Although discussion of what Premier Edouard Daladier meant or did not mean by his announcement that French working hours must be extended has died down for the moment it is certain to break out again just as soon as his proposals are made known. And as usual the financial situation has become complicated.

Hints and rumors are current about the government’s intentions with regard to new taxation and a gold loan, but most of these have been denied. It is fairly well established that as usual thee are two or more lines of thought among the financial minds in the Cabinet as to what should be done. Whether these divisions of opinion are as fundamental and serious as tonight’s rumors credit them with being may be confirmed or totally denied tomorrow.

NAZIS TRY TO PURGE MANILA GERMAN CLUB

McNutt Warns German Consul on Actions in Philippines

WASHINGTON, Aug 29 (AP).-Informed persons said today that the War Department had received a report from High Commissioner Paul V. McNutt in the Philippines concerning a conference between Mr. McNutt and the German Consul General in Manila.

They said that the German Consul’s interview with the High Commissioner concerned the membership of certain persons of Jewish extraction in the German Club of Manila. It was understood that the consul sought their removal from the club on the ground that they were “non-Aryan.” Many of them are Americans.

State and War Department officials declined to comment on Mr. McNutt’s report.

Wireless to THE NEW YORK TIMES.
MANILA, Tuesday, Aug. 30.-High Commissioner Paul V. McNutt summoned German Consul G. A. Sakowsky yesterday and sternly warned him – with the knowledge and approval of the State Department, it is understood – against interference as Germany’s representative with the rights of German residents in Manila in connection with a bitter controversy in the German Club, a locally incorporated social organization.

It is understood Herr Sakowsky threatened to cancel German passports unless German members of the club resigned. Although all versions of the trouble are unofficial, Herr Sakowsky is said to have objected to “non-Aryan” membership in the club and extended Nazi policy in such matters to German nationals living abroad, whereupon Germans in the club, many of them long-time Manila residents, strenuously objected.

NAZIS DENY PERSECUTION

Charges of Plan to Destroy the Church Called Nonsense

BERLIN, Aug. 29 (AP).-The German Propaganda Ministry today denied charges by the country’s Catholic Bishops, except Austrian, that efforts were being made to destroy the church.

Describing the charges, made in a pastoral letter red from the pulpits yesterday, as “nonsense,” a Ministry spokesman said:

“The government is paying millions of marks annually to the church, and the fact that the reading of the letter was possible clearly demonstrates that there can be no talk about persecution.

“The government itself has the most earnest desire to protect the church from anti-religious demonstrations.”

The pastoral letter was formulated at a recent conference of Bishops at Fulda. Austrian Bishops were not represented. They have planned a conference of their own at Salzburg for the near future.


TOPICS: History
KEYWORDS: realtime
If you would like to be added to or deleted from the Real Time +/- 70 Years ping list, send me a freepmail. The frequency of the posts will increase slightly in September 1938 due to the events of that month – a key period for the twentieth century.
1 posted on 08/30/2008 6:13:01 AM PDT by Homer_J_Simpson
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To: fredhead; r9etb; PzLdr; dfwgator; Paisan; From many - one.; rockinqsranch; GRRRRR; 2banana; ...
The following articles are all on this post.

HENLEIN AVOIDED RUNCIMAN PLANS, by By G. E. R. GEDYE

Stocks Tumble Here Owing to War Scares; Leaders Off 2 to 5 Points as Ticker Lags

FRENCH DISTURBED BY TOUR OF HITLER, by P.J. Philip (Ties in with my 8/29 update of the 8/26 post

NAZIS TRY TO PURGE MANILA GERMAN CLUB

NAZIS DENY PERSECUTION (of Catholic Church)

2 posted on 08/30/2008 6:14:07 AM PDT by Homer_J_Simpson (For events that occurred in 1938, real time is 1938, not 2008.)
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To: Homer_J_Simpson

hitler with his “goodly display of staff officers”.

and, the allies warn him through diplomatic channels to no avail.


3 posted on 08/30/2008 6:26:13 AM PDT by ken21 (people die and you never hear from them again.)
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To: Homer_J_Simpson
"Meanwhile, the unanimity of the British press is not the least remarkable by-product of a situation that itself has no exact parallel in British diplomatic history.

In the whole country there is not a dissenting editorial voice. In London and the provinces newspapers of all shades of political opinion agree that a German attack on Czechoslovakia might drag Britain into war and applaud the government for having said so.

...For the first time in many months Mr. Chamberlain is backed by a united British press on a great issue of foreign policy. Whatever may happen in the next few weeks, the British press is wide awake and its readers have been warned."

So, if I understand this, the British press was "unanimously" warning the public of a coming war, even while Chamberlain worked to appease his way out of it?

4 posted on 08/30/2008 5:29:43 PM PDT by BroJoeK (A little historical perspective....)
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To: BroJoeK
So, if I understand this, the British press was "unanimously" warning the public of a coming war, even while Chamberlain worked to appease his way out of it?

It almost seems like the press is unanimously supporting appeasement in order to avoid an otherwise inevitable war. But I thought the press was so adamantly anti-Nazi that they wanted the government to take a stand. I better read my post again.

5 posted on 08/31/2008 9:00:41 AM PDT by Homer_J_Simpson (For events that occurred in 1938, real time is 1938, not 2008.)
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