Posted on 09/17/2024 5:24:07 AM PDT by Jacquerie
Among the shortcomings of the Articles of Confederation was the near impossibility of amending them to meet pressing needs regarding taxation and commerce. In 1787-1788, the lower threshold to amend the Constitution per Article V overcame Anti-Federalist reluctance to form a new Union.
From the time the federal convention sent the draft Constitution to the Confederation Congress and states, many Anti-Federalists demanded a second convention, preferably before federal elections and the establishment of a new government.
Not only the Anti-Federalists, but few Federalists were entirely satisfied with the Constitution as written. The difference was that Federalists were satisfied that Article V was there to correct the Constitution’s shortcomings. Among the Anti-Federalists were “fence-sitters,” those who would change their minds if they felt assured of a few amendments that better secured certain rights. Flip the votes of fence-sitters and ratification was certain.
Despite ratification by the ninth state, New Hampshire, on June 21st 1788, the future of the new government still depended on the decisions of Virginia, New York, and Pennsylvania. Yes, a new government could form without them, but what were the chances of national survival if the remaining states VA, NY, PA, NC, RI did not join and left a geographically dismembered Union in their wake?1
Pennsylvania. In a shady process that only stoked resentment, Federalists rammed ratification through on December 12th 1787.2 On July 3rd 1788, several leading men sought to “un-ratify” PA ratification unless certain pre-amendments found their way into the Constitution.
Disgust with the heavy-handed tactics of Pennsylvania Federalists back in December led Cumberland county officials to send out a circular letter to various societies, individuals, and other counties that opposed unqualified, unamended ratification. The letter explained that the new government would start with all its “foreseen and consequent dangers” still in place. Either the states act together to get amendments or there was no telling what turn American liberty will take at the discretion of Congress. Townships were asked to send representatives to county meetings that would send delegates to a general conference of the counties in Harrisburg on September 3rd to devise amendments.
Fortunately, passions cooled by September, and the Harrisburg meeting recommended considerable amendments while at the same time it accepted the “general system of government framed by the late federal convention,” and “in full confidence that the same will be revised without delay.” Specifically, delegates asked for a speedy revision through an Article V convention. They petitioned the Pennsylvania legislature to urge the first congress at the first opportunity to call a “general convention of (delegates) from the several states on the Union.”
In what began as something of an uprising against ratification ended in willingness to implement the new government and work within the new order. Pennsylvania would remain in the Union and press for amendments via Article V in the first congress.
Virginia. The Federalists’ strategy of recommending amendments through Article V to flip the fence-sitters originated in Massachusetts, which ratified on February 6th 1788. In June, New Hampshire modeled nine of its amendments on those of Massachusetts. Virginia Federalists likewise employed this strategy in a victory over the Anti-Federalist contingent dominated by the incomparable Patrick Henry. Thanks to Federalist’ promises to press for Article V amendments in the first congress, Virginia ratified the Constitution by a surprising 57 – 47 margin on June 25th 1788.
After ratification, the convention formed two committees. The first committee, composed entirely of Federalists, drafted a form of ratification. Imperfections in the Constitution should, it read, “be examined in the mode prescribed therein,” rather than endanger the Union by delaying elections with the hope of getting amendments first. The second committee, while dominated by Federalists, reported a slate of amendments which mirrored the Virginia Bill of Rights. The convention overwhelmingly passed both reports.
New York. Federal and Anti-Federal heavy hitters dominated the wild month-long ratification convention in New York. Alexander Hamilton, Melancton Smith, Robert Yates, and John Lansing among others were hardly wallflowers.3 Had ten states not already ratified, unqualified ratification was doubtful. In a twist on the other states request for post-ratification amendments, New York delegates considered post-ratification amendments, which, if not incorporated into the Constitution, New York reserved the right to secede from the Union!
But, the existing Confederation Congress might not accept a qualified ratification, which meant disunion and independence. Reluctantly, and only out of a sense of dread at their Hobson’s choice did Melancton Smith lead the way for Anti-Federals to cease their opposition to unqualified ratification.
As in other states, Article V figured bigly in the New York form of ratification and uneasiness with the Constitution. As a consequence, New York issued a circular letter to their sister states at the close of the convention on July 26th 1788. It called for an Article V convention in the “full confidence” their suggested amendments would receive an “early and mature consideration.” The convention also asked its state reps and future congressmen and senators in the upcoming new congress in 1789 to exert all their influence and use “all reasonable means” to secure ratification of its 32 recommended amendments.
New York’s circular letter admitted that circumstances had boxed the state into a corner. Under duress, New York had to decide Union or disunion. It emphasized that New York was not alone, and that only an Article V convention could “allay their apprehensions and discontents.” Article V action must be one of Congress’ first tasks.
The people of the United States exercised their judgement and sent men of local renown to the several ratifying conventions. Some had experience in congress, state legislatures and the revolution going back to the Continental Congress. But most were local citizens with names unrecognized today. They refused to be told that the issues of the day were beyond their competence. They put their minds to complicated issues, tried to reconcile the ideals of the Revolution with the needs of the nation, and considered the impact of their decisions not just on their own lives but for the future.
“We the People” of 1787 and 1788 inaugurated a dialogue between power and liberty that continues to remind modern patriots of the principles of 1776. Their example was the greatest gift possible to posterity; they did the heavy lifting. In comparison, our load is light, but we must use the gift of Article V to save their posterity from tyranny.
Bump!
The result could just as easily be something worse, but by far the most likely result is no ratification because the country is too divided.
Interesting then and now. BUMP
<>by far the most likely result is no ratification because the country is too divided<>
Agree, and that would be a good thing. It would put the JBS irrational fear of a “runaway” convention to rest.
It only took "four score and seven years" for the thing to go off the rails.
personally, i’d like SOMEONE to enforce Article 2 Section 1 and have kamala explain how someone with foreign citizen parents at birth could possibly be a natural born citizen
if you need some reading material on the subject, the 39th congress (in 1866) discussed it as they pushed the 14th.
fyi, this article is suppressed by google. you have to use duckduckgo to find it:
https://www.tampafp.com/39th-congress-transcript-anchor-babies-not-u-s-citizens/
<>Meanwhile, we experience the rewriting of the Constitution on a piecemeal basis, every time the SCOTUS issues its rulings for the year.<>
Yes, from FDR until PDJT the Scotus was an almost annual amendments convention. Scotus inflicted enormous harm on a supposedly self-governing people.
Freepers have accused me of assuming only conservative oriented amendments will emerge from an A5 COS.
That just isn’t so. While I wish to return to pre-17th Amendment government, I would reluctantly settle for a non-tyrannical Scotus and elimination of the Deep State
At least with poor amendments like the 16th - 18th, we did them to ourselves and can repeal them, which we did with the 18th and which an informed people would do to the 16th and 17th.
Please, whatever you do, don’t read the article.
For the most part, yes. Here's why:
The Constitution at its core is a conservative document -- more conservative than the country is at this moment. If you had a convention, the result is likely to reflect the current political makeup of the country, which means any Amendments that resulted are likely to move the Constitution to the left. Again, that's because we are not now as conservative a people as were the Founders and the people of that time.
That's not saying whatever emerged from the Convention would be hard left. Just that whatever amendments did emerge are much more likely to move the Constitution to the left than to the right.
Then there is the issue of ratification. I think ratification of any amendments that moved the country in a more conservative direction than the original Constitution would be DOA. The media could easily rally enough sentiment in 13 states to kill any such amendments.
But given the mass media influence, propaganda, etc., and the fact that the country is further to the left than it was at the time of ratification, there is some chance that we could see the ratification of some Amendments that essentially codify some leftist positions. Of course, they'd be sold to the public as something much less significant than they actually are. A "privacy" Amendment. An "equal rights" Amendment. An Amendment on "corporate" free speech that essentially would overrule Citizens United and permit the feds to regulate election advertising. Are you confident those things wouldn't be ratified 5-7 years down the road? Because I'm not.
Polls show that support for regulating free political speech, including so-called "hate speech" and "disinformation", have increased massively, especially among younger people. The free speech absolutism that used to be a bipartisan consensus has collapsed. Could a cleverly-drafted Amendment that permitted regulation of free speech be sold to enough gullible people to be ratified? Perhaps.
Right now, we have a rather unholy alliance between populists on the right railing against "elites" and "big corporations", and the left's traditional siding with government versus private business. I could see a well-planned PR campaign uniting those two factions to restrict the speech of "evil corporations", which would of course end up being applied to conservative public interest groups, etc..
So...yeah. I worry a lot about the results of an Article V convention given where we are today as a people, and how gullible people are all across the political spectrum. Conning them into voting for wording that is sold to them as one thing but actually could mean something quite different is entirely possible.
A very well thought out post, sir.
I think the only way to truly solve the immigration problem is with a constitutional amendment. The problem with any legislative compromise is that the compromise can easily be reversed by a subsequent Congress/President, just as happened to Reagan with IRCA in 1986.
For something like that to work, it has to be a compromise that both parties are willing to accept, which means both parties have to get something out of it. I drafted one for fun awhile back. The basic premise was that Democrats get partial amnesty for some number/classifications of illegals, and Republicans get a bunch of other stuff that amounts to border-tightening and limits. But my limits were pretty tight, so I'm not sure there's any number of illegals getting partial amnesty that would induce the Democrats to agree.
And by the way, when I say "partial" amnesty, one of the parts of my Amendment was a provision saying that anyone entering the country illegally, including those being granted the right to stay in the Amendment itself, were permanently ineligible for citizenship, so they could never vote. They'd only get permanent resident status. And that status would include a provision saying that only citizens could use their status to sponsor family members, relatives, or others to come over. So the group being legalized in the amendment could not then import a bunch of their relatives.
There was other stuff, including a reversal of Phyler v. Doe, and a statement saying that nothing in the Constitution could be interpreted to compel a right to any federal or state benefits to people in the country illegally. States would still be free to provide benefits if they wanted. Oh, and states would have the constitutional right to bar entry to illegals at their own borders, except at designated federal border crossings.
Again, though, I don't think the Democrats would ever support it.
Thanks!
I did read the article. I thought it was well written. However, I am very much aware of the shortcomings of all the hand waving from the Federalists trying to ignore all the concerns of the anti-Federalists.
The anti-Federalists never get the respect they deserve, and pretty much the bad things they predicted would happen, did happen.
Yes, I know you want to focus on your Article V convention stuff, but *I* like to focus on how Federalism has failed.
Indeed, had it not gotten so bloated, and predictably so as the anti-Federalists had foretold, we would not now be needing to discuss the potential fix which might be had from an Article V convention.
States would be granted legal standing to challenge any grant of citizenship/immigration status and/or benefits to any individual residing within their jurisdiction. So if some future Administration tried some Executive Order crap to end-run around the Amendment, states could fight back without standing being an issue.
At least with poor amendments like the 16th - 18th, we did them to ourselves and can repeal them, which we did with the 18th and which an informed people would do to the 16th and 17th.
This is another thing I often find annoying. People focus on wrongheaded amendments like the 16th, the 17th, and the 18th amendments, but never seem to be bothered by three that I consider to be the worst.
The 14th, (Anchor babies, abortion, gay marriage, banning prayer in schools, rewriting "natural born citizen", expanding interstate "commerce" etc.)
The 24th, (Giving *NON* taxpayers the right to vote. Creating our welfare state, and bloating our federal bureaucracy.)
And the 26th. (Letting stupid 18 year olds vote when they haven't yet had to live in an adult economy.)
Yes, your's are bad, but mine are just as bad and in some cases, worse.
Can we agree that most of the amendments after the first 10, suck?
-PJ
I keep saying this. I say it almost every day. I've been saying it for over two decades, yet the message doesn't seem to sink in for most people.
Break the media-lie-system, and the nation heals itself. The media-liars exist for the sole purpose of ensuring "elite" control of mass communications. They are literally the voice of "elite" control of the government.
The media-lie-system works to elect liberals, because liberals open the purse strings of Washington DC, and so many "elite" make their riches through the exploitation of the government spending and policy, both legally, (through management of government programs and receiving government contracts), and illegally. (through the sale of influence, policy, regulations, etc, like Joe Biden does)
The media-liars are part of the corrupt industry of government, and they control the propaganda the public is allowed to hear, always with the intent to influence the public to support liberal causes and ideas, because liberals in power means wealth for the "elite" and their cronies.
It is a system to exploit government for private profit.
Break the media-lie-system, force the *OTHER SIDE* (us) to have the same air time as the liars, and the nation heals itself. Policies which are idiotic and destructive to the nation will not be supported by the people when they can see people on television talking about how these policies are idiotic and destructive to the nation.
The propaganda system is the lynchpin of politics. It is how people make their decisions to vote. If it feeds them liberal bullsh*t all day every day, the dumber portion of the population will buy into it and vote liberal.
We fix the media-lie-system, and we fix everything.
What does that mean in your understanding?
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