Posted on 02/15/2018 9:21:23 PM PST by Crucial
How Europeans evolved white skin
By Ann Gibbons
ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI—Most of us think of Europe as the ancestral home of white people. But a new study shows that pale skin, as well as other traits such as tallness and the ability to digest milk as adults, arrived in most of the continent relatively recently. The work, presented here last week at the 84th annual meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists, offers dramatic evidence of recent evolution in Europe and shows that most modern Europeans don’t look much like those of 8000 years ago.
The origins of Europeans have come into sharp focus in the past year as researchers have sequenced the genomes of ancient populations, rather than only a few individuals. By comparing key parts of the DNA across the genomes of 83 ancient individuals from archaeological sites throughout Europe, the international team of researchers reported earlier this year that Europeans today are a mix of the blending of at least three ancient populations of hunter-gatherers and farmers who moved into Europe in separate migrations over the past 8000 years. The study revealed that a massive migration of Yamnaya herders from the steppes north of the Black Sea may have brought Indo-European languages to Europe about 4500 years ago.
Now, a new study from the same team drills down further into that remarkable data to search for genes that were under strong natural selection—including traits so favorable that they spread rapidly throughout Europe in the past 8000 years. By comparing the ancient European genomes with those of recent ones from the 1000 Genomes Project, population geneticist Iain Mathieson, a postdoc in the Harvard University lab of population geneticist David Reich, found five genes associated with changes in diet and skin pigmentation that underwent strong natural selection.
(Excerpt) Read more at sciencemag.org ...
In RSA and yes, in other parts of Africa as well, it is NOT about race at all, but rather, fore real TRIBES, which no longer really exists as such, but it's about ancestral history.
For instance, the Xhosa HATE the Zulus. The Xhosa have always been the majority of the damned STINKING COMMIE ANC. Until Winnie Mandela started the WAR on the Zulus, to get them to stop being okay with whites and voting for the ANC ( which the Zulus never had supported nor voted for ) hence the "necklacings, torture, and murders of them. And then there is the fact that several 100 years ago, it was the Zulus who conquered the Xhosa and made them their slaves. But there are other tribes in what is now the RSA and yes, THIS is tribal!
Think gangs here. Think CRIPS V. BLOODS V The Latin Kings, V MS 13, etc.! THIS IS NOT RACIAL!
And then there is the stupid, phony "HISPANIC" term! Cubans look down on Mexicans and others, Puerto Ricans also hate the Mexican as well as others, Dominicans loathe the Haitians and so on and so on and so on!
The original white English settlers here, were anti the German ones, who were here almost as long and there were more German ones that Brit ones.
The anti-white crap has been stirred up by race baiters, who have made money from it, for only a little bit more than 100 years. But it REALLY took off, big time, relatively recently, in the middle of the 20th century, but only reached the boiling point within the last 50 + years.
The black populace was voting for GOPers, in Obama voting kind of numbers, from Emancipation onwards, until recently. Oh there were blips, here and there, but a BIG DEAL in the Chicago GOP, woman was the person who seconded Nixon's nomination, at the 1960 GOP convention.
You’ve swallowed, as whole clothe, the BLACK PROPAGANDA; sadly, vis-a-vis Ferguson.
A RACE WAR is brewing there, right now...which scares me mightily. And this mess will either happen or not, sooner than later.
IF the worst scenario happens ( the Zimbabwe type land grabs and killings), in 20 years, RSA might not even exist at all, as a nation. Rather, it might just be a Chinese majority populace satellite of China.
The Eskimos don't look white ( they aren't, they're Asian, as are the American Indians !) and they didn't manage to get out of the Stone Age, after being here for many millennia!
The ancient Anu, of Japan, never managed to progress, but those whom we kn ow as today's Japanese, sure did progress! The Chinese were also far ahead of Their European counterparts, for quite a while and those living in northern climes never turned "white".
American Indians were living in the Stone age too.
The vast majority of the blacks, living in Africa, NEVER managed to have advanced civilization and FYI...the Egyptians and the Carthaginians were NOT black!
Thanks to the early Catholic church, in Europe, actually DID remove what would be called "technology", because it was "PAGAN", but that didn't keep them "backward" for all THAT long.
Your uneducated screeds are pathetic and childish. Please do yourself a favor and go study history, genetics, and yes, learn about racial differences; PLEASE!
And this white skin re vitamin D doesn't take into consideration the Asians and Asian sub categories, re those who have lived in northern, COLD places, for many millennial.
So what are the Whites still doing in South Africa? Why haven't they all left the country? And what about the Indians? No reason to stay if there are greener pastures elsewhere.
First of all, it is SO difficult to actually get a visa ( they have a "LOTTERY SYSTEM", where you have to BUY a ticket for each person, and then they draw "winners", every time you want to get one ) that the cost can be prohibitive.
Secondly, it is almost IMPOSSIBLE to fins a nation that WILL take them in! The USA, the UK, and now, even Australia aren't good bets at all. So just WHERE are they all to go?
The Rand is so devalued AND there are terrible restrictions on how much one is allowed to take out of RSA, that that is also a double edged problem.
And what about selling their property? Oh oh....yet another "problem"!
And last, but certainly NOT "least", for many Afrikaners...this is THEIR nation; their families have been there longer than ANY American family has been here! So they dig in their heels, tell themselves that:"this is MY land, MY country,I'm staying" and so they stay...hoping and praying that things will get better and IF it comes down to fighting, they are more than willing to fight to the last. They've done this before, if you don't know.
By all means DO ask those who actually know and understand the situation there. And, IF you are truly interested in this topic, then DO read some of the RSA newspapers that are on line.
I'd suggest some books to read; however, many of them aren't available in the USA.
By Indians, if you mean those who call themselves "coloureds", there, many of those families have been there for well over 100 years and it's their "HOME". Some have banned together and formed a separatist group of their own. And NO, the blacks don't like them either!
All of this is far more complicated than you know and I've only given you the very briefest of answers...hitting the major highlights and not even talking about daily living conditions, the horrible laws & regs & the state of corruption that is frankly unimaginable to Americans.
The following information is based on the fact that around 50 years ago, my late husband escorted a South African labor leader around the country for 2 weeks. I met and talked with him several times, and my husband shared much information he learned during their travels. His position in RSA was similar to the head of the AFL-CIO at that time. It was long before the liberation of African lives there. He spoke English, not Africaans (Dutch), so his position was rather delicate. Colored were people of mixed African and white matings. The Indians (from India) were a separate matter altogether. During his time there were severe laws against such mixing, so he described one time when he suddenly realized he was home alone with his African or Colored maid, and immediately told her to go home, with fear that someone might denounce him.
Also during that period we had an Indian friend from Bombay (Mumbai) who told us he could only take $10,000 dollars out of the country. You mention that RSA has similar restrictions today. Obviously, if you can make someone too miserable, they may sell their property for a song just so they can leave if they can get a visa. Trump wants people from Norway to apply to US, but Norway has a better social safety net and schools than we do. Perhaps he would do better if he could persuade RSA to let some of their unhappy white people become legal US immigrants.
There's always an agenda to put some kind of evil spin on all things European -- it is nothing but transparent racism -- but there's no science to support it. The long-apparent connection between the most recent discovery of the Americas and the arrival of syphilis in Ye Olde Worlde has been verified. What's interesting to me is, the disease is attributed to a mutation calculated to have arisen about 8000 years ago, IOW, long after Beringia was reflooded.
I'll explain in FRmail.
Every time I see this picture I am reminded of someone but I can’t figure out who.
A women with light skin? I’ll probably remember months from now.
I’m wondering if the addition of milk, in addition to solving the problem of ricketts, didn’t have a host of other influences on early Euro Man. Interesting to think it couldn’t be used as a food source for adults in most of the world.
I read once that we’ve been determined to have all come from a tribe of about 200 couples (breeding pairs). Don’t know if I believe it, don’t know that I believe this.
I can’t believe that all come from anything other than Adam and Eve...Seth the third son was Jesus ancestor. Cain killed Able then took a wife from land of NOD....wherever that is? Genesis. Abled died, no children. Cain married ?. Seth is most reasonable father of most of us. My next question ‘Why do some people have negative blood without the rhesus factor?
That’s on account ‘a they didn’t miscegenate. They avoided miscegenation. That’s what they did, by God.
Yes, it was illegal to marry outside of one's race ( though some people did ) but police didn't go house to house, to spy on who was doing what with a maid 50 years ago in RSA.
And it was also ILLEGAL here, too; FYI.
Made me think of Modern Phrenology.
Actually, I had the impression that Asian skin might have more oils to convert to Vitamin D. Before responding I did a little research. Found this quote regarding “ceramides” in skin of various races. Ceramides are a family of waxy lipids (fats). “Sugino et al37 measured ceramide levels in the stratum corneum of four different races and found the highest levels to be in Asian skin. Significantly less ceramide was noted in Caucasian skin (20.4±8.1ug/mg) and the lowest level was found in Black skin (10.7±4.7ug/mg). This was similarly observed by Hellemans et al47 who quantified ceramide levels after hydrolysis and analysis of corresponding sphingoid bases, showing the least amount of lipid in the stratum corneum of Black skin.”
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4086530/
Thus it would appear that Asians have the most which if they are part of Vitamin D conversion would enable living further north. In addition I have read that American Indians used bear’s grease to protect their skin which might also enhance D production/absorption. More research needed. In addition it makes sense that Africans living in high sun environments would have the least lipids in their skin. Very dark African Americans are always trying to use some skin cover to prevent having an ashy gray color from dry skin.
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