Posted on 04/09/2024 11:00:24 PM PDT by Cronos
There can be no definitive answer to the question, ‘what was England’s population in [such and such a period]?’. Even with the sophisticated data gathering and processing techniques used in compiling the modern Census, not every individual is counted, and a few assumptions have to be made. When the question is applied to earlier centuries, a degree of intelligent guesswork is called for.
Although England is famously blessed with a generous source of historical records, the information is not sufficient to provide a complete picture. However, a profile or ‘shape’ to England’s population history is certainly possible, one that may be regarded as reliable. The main chart of this page shows a profile based on the combined output of three different approaches.
The safest way of dealing with late medieval populations is to work within a range. For example, John Hatcher (1977) offers high and low estimates that run from the beginning of the twelfth century into the sixteenth. Estimates by other researchers of the same period tend to fall within this range, or not far outside.
Taking the story from Tudor to Victorian times, Anthony Wrigley and Roger Schofield (1989) supply a detailed set of tables produced by a method of calculation called back projection. Systematic regular counting of actual people started in 1801. The official national Census provides a decadal count which brings the chart to the present day.
The period from 1348 (the Black Death) to 1665 (the Great Plague) could be termed the plague centuries, although other diseases were also responsible for mortality. During this part of England’s history, the population must have intermittently dropped, to recover a little, only to fall once again as another epidemic flared. A total of thirty-three widespread outbreaks of plague have been identified for the period.
By entering into a computer model some values for natural growth (as it might be without plague but having regard for the action of other diseases), exposure to the disease, case fatality, plague type, immunological protection, and by stipulating that the trace be faithful to the paths proposed in the main chart, a speculative ‘saw tooth’ profile for the plague centuries is formed. As plague disappeared in the second half of the seventeenth century, other factors caused several decades of population stagnation.
References
Hatcher, J (1977)
Plague, Population and the English Economy, 1348-1530
Studies in Economic and Social History
London: Macmillan
Wrigley, E A, and Schofield, R S (1989)
The Population History of England 1541-1871:
A reconstruction
Cambridge University Press
The population of England in 1086 as recorded in the Domesday book was 1 to 2 million people.
The population of England in 2023 is 57 million
Islam has become a plague upon England.
Childhood vaccines
Sterilization of medical equipment
Purification of water supplies.
The first is most responsible for the near doubling of lifespans.
Hence growth goes from arithmetic to geometric.
Forget Medieval England. How about the current data ?
If the “Official” data is fake, and manipulated to hide the extend of illegal immigration....
https://www.buzzfeed.com/jamieross/how-one-old-news-story-convinced-conspiracy-theorists-tesco
The industrial revolution lead to the greatest increase in living standards in human history.
Interesting. Thanks for posting.
Daniel DeFoe’s “Journal of the Plague Years” is a great chronicle of the plague in London. Its a dry read but just chock full of trivia.
Thanks Cronos.
A Distant Mirror by Barbara Tuckman is also a good read. It covers from the middle of the 14th Century (around 1350 when the plague years began to the end of that century. The rarity of sensible leadership in a number of European areas is quite notable. Leadership was mostly ceremony and showmanship.
I tried the audiobook version years ago, didn’t get through it before it had to go back. I should look for that online. I broke off during a seemingly interminable discussion of a single posh family in England that fought in the 100 Yrs War.
No wonder my family started leaving England in 1634 getting to crowded.
I thought that the whole of Europe had a population explosion when the spanish brought the potato to Europe from South America.
you are correct.
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