But that’s an apples and oranges comparison. Missiles are active, mines are passive. One you aim. One you leave somewhere inconvenient to the enemy. Basically mines are the latest most advanced version of caltrops. These dodecahedrons would just be a harder to make less effective version of caltrops. It would be a backwards step.
They also wouldn’t be a snap to make. If they were being mass produced, I’d expect them to be of a more uniform size, and there’s not much in the way of a purpose for the holes, unless that was to keep them from being collected and hurled back at the Romans themselves.