Bringing balance to the universe: New theory could explain missing 95 percent of the cosmos

University of Oxford ^ | Dec 5, 2018

[FroggyTheGremlim]

42

[Mr. K]

my point exactly

[ETL]

There was a big “may” in there.

[sparklite2]

I went to an astronomy lecture and asked at the end why the smaller galaxy of the Whirlpool cluster was red shifted so far back from the big galaxy that they could not possibly have an effect on each other, yet there looks to be a matter stream between them.

The astronomer got angry and told me they weren't going to throw away theories based on some isolated phenomenon.

In later years, radio astronomy verified a bridge between the galaxies.  I don't know how they explained the difference in red shift unless the previous measurements were incorrect.

[Reily]

He was pissed because you threw him off his “lecture stride”. He couldn’t think on his feet fast enough to come up with an answer. So he just didn’t know & didn’t want to admit it.

[Conan the Librarian]

I suggest reading up on Vera Rubin. The 4% Universe is a good start.

Dr Rubin showed that there is definitely an effect there.

The cause is still in question, but, it is known that gravity without pressure will act as a repellent force. This is basically the effect Einstein’s Cosmic Constant is there for. He didn’t like that part of the equation.

[ETL]

I don't know the answer, but I found this at the NASA site...

The graceful, winding arms of the majestic spiral galaxy M51 appear like a grand spiral staircase sweeping through space. They are actually long lanes of stars and gas laced with dust. Such striking arms are a hallmark of so-called grand-design spiral galaxies. In M51, also known as the Whirlpool galaxy, these arms serve an important purpose: they are star-formation factories, compressing hydrogen gas and creating clusters of new stars.

Some astronomers think that the Whirlpool’s arms are particularly prominent because of the effects of a close encounter with NGC 5195, the small, yellowish galaxy at the outermost tip of one of the arms. The compact galaxy appears to be tugging on the arm, the tidal forces from which trigger new star formation. Hubble’s clear view shows that NGC 5195 is passing behind M51. The small galaxy has been gliding past the Whirlpool for hundreds of millions of years.

In Hubble’s captivating image of M51, the red represents infrared light as well as hydrogen within giant star-forming regions. The blue color can be attributed to hot, young stars while the yellow color is from older stars.

Discovered by Charles Messier in 1773, M51 is located 31 million light-years from Earth in the constellation Canes Venatici. It has an apparent magnitude of 8.4 and can be spotted with a small telescope most easily during May. The Whirlpool galaxy’s beautiful face-on view and closeness to Earth allow astronomers to study a classic spiral galaxy’s structure and star-forming processes.

For more information about Hubble’s observations of M51, see:

http://hubblesite.org/news_release/news/2005-12

http://hubblesite.org/news_release/news/2011-03

http://hubblesite.org/news_release/news/2001-10

http://hubblesite.org/news_release/news/1996-17

source:
https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2017/messier-51-the-whirlpool-galaxy

[ETL]

That was from Oct 2017.

[DesertRhino]

Dark energy and Dark matter are completely undetectable. But somebody’s calculation shows they should be there. So they conclude it’s undetectable.

Very similar to the search for Planet X. A mistake in calculations of observations of Neptune’s orbit predicted a planet would be there. Back then they figured out the calculation did not accurately describe observed reality. That was called the scientific method.
Today, this bunch of clowns would conclude that it’s obvious Planet X is invisible, and would get to work on theories explaining it’s invisibility.

[SuperLuminal]

Bump-to-the-top 3-weeks ago... (My time arrow points in random directions)

Now I can take more time to agree or disagree with the premise of this article...

However anything Gauss, Levi-Civita, or Einstein says is OK with me... Although one of them was a soccer player, so I have to factor in some amount of disbelief in his statements......

[DesertRhino]

“Space is a fabric.”

It is most certainly not. Please detail what this “fabric” is made of. If you say “time”, I will laugh at you.

[cuban leaf]

It’s like fish discovering water.

We’re swimming in it, yet we think space is empty. It isn’t. It’s stuffed. We’re just not sensitive to what it is stuffed with except for that tiny part we are sensitive to. We call it light. If you can see a star, it means that every micron between the star and your eye contains the light it admits. It is both energy and matter. And space is stuffed with it.

BTW, not to make too small a point of it, God is light.

[Zuben Elgenubi]

However, Dr. Farnes' research applies a 'creation tensor," which allows for negative masses to be continuously created.

This guy has a tremendous future in climate change modeling.

[Zuben Elgenubi]

That is a beautiful cartoon. Thank you.

[DesertRhino]

“However, the theory is not nearly as weird as it may sound. Turns out that we cannot account for some very major observations given the physics as we know it.”

The problem is that in the scientific method, when observations do not match the experiment constructed to prove the theory, that used to falsify the theory.

Today we move straight into pseudo-science and sci-fi and decide the theory is correct, and that there is some kind of invisible matter, or a new dimension, etc. Bending the observation around to “prove” the theory isn’t science.

[Zuben Elgenubi]

There would be quantum virtual particles popping into and out of existence.

Dr Brian Green, Harvard, string theory. I recall he proffered Calibi Yao particles of 11 dimensions to achieve this propagating effect of light through a vacuum.

[ETL]

Dark energy and Dark matter are completely undetectable. But somebody’s calculation shows they should be there. So they conclude it’s undetectable.

Dark matter, the non-baryonic form, is yet undetected, but they are trying.

__________

"Weakly interacting massive particles" (or WIMPs) are hypothetical particles that are thought to constitute dark matter.

There exists no clear definition of a WIMP, but broadly, a WIMP is a new elementary particle which interacts via gravity and any other force (or forces), potentially not part of the standard model itself, which is as weak as or weaker than the weak nuclear force, but also non-vanishing in its strength.

Direct detection

Direct detection refers to the observation of the effects of a WIMP-nucleus collision as the dark matter passes through a detector in an Earth laboratory.

While most WIMP models indicate that a large enough number of WIMPs must be captured in large celestial bodies for indirect detection experiments to succeed, it remains possible that these models are either incorrect or only explain part of the dark matter phenomenon.

Thus, even with the multiple experiments dedicated to providing indirect evidence for the existence of cold dark matter, direct detection measurements are also necessary to solidify the theory of WIMPs.

Although most WIMPs encountering the Sun or the Earth are expected to pass through without any effect, it is hoped that a large number of dark matter WIMPs crossing a sufficiently large detector will interact often enough to be seen—at least a few events per year.

The general strategy of current attempts to detect WIMPs is to find very sensitive systems that can be scaled up to large volumes. This follows the lessons learned from the history of the discovery and (by now) routine detection of the neutrino.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weakly_interacting_massive_particles

__________

As for 'dark energy'...

"One explanation for dark energy is that it is a property of space.

Albert Einstein was the first person to realize that empty space is not nothing. Space has amazing properties, many of which are just beginning to be understood.

The first property that Einstein discovered is that it is possible for more space to come into existence.

Then one version of Einstein's gravity theory, the version that contains a cosmological constant, makes a second prediction: "empty space" can possess its own energy.

Because this energy is a property of space itself, it would not be diluted as space expands.

As more space comes into existence, more of this energy-of-space would appear.

As a result, this form of energy would cause the universe to expand faster and faster.

Unfortunately, no one understands why the cosmological constant should even be there, much less why it would have exactly the right value to cause the observed acceleration of the universe."

https://science.nasa.gov/astrophysics/focus-areas/what-is-dark-energy

[thoughtomator]

Or maybe the universe isn’t expanding, and redshift can have causes other than relative velocity. Really, it’s hard to express how far from genuine science one needs to get in order to assume “negative mass” can be a thing.

It breaks the very semantics of the word “mass” to attach “negative” to it. Mass is either zero (does not exist) or positive (does exist in some amount). Try to think of holding in your hand negative grains of sand. What would even qualify?

This is religious behavior - “save the gravity-driven view of the universe at all costs” - and not scientific behavior at all.

[Windflier]

"...unifying dark matter and dark energy into a single phenomenon: pure ad hoc fantasy...

[sparklite2]

That was from Oct 2017.

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Has the galaxy changed much since? ;)