The FReeper Foxhole Revisits The 1st and 2nd Guadalcanal Nov 13-15, 1942 - Aug. 19th, 2005

http://www.angelfire.com/ia/totalwar/Guadalcanal.html ^ | 12/29/2002 | originally posted by SAMWolf

[snippy_about_it]

Lord,

Keep our Troops forever in Your care

Give them victory over the enemy...

Grant them a safe and swift return...

Bless those who mourn the lost.
.

FReepers from the Foxhole join in prayer
for all those serving their country at this time.


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The FReeper Foxhole Revisits

1st and 2nd Naval Battles of Guadalcanal

The First Naval Battle of Guadalcanal

On November 13, 1942, Rear Admiral Daniel Callaghan was patrolling near Ironbottom Sound in an unusual formation. The destroyers Cushing, Laffey, Sterett, and O’Bannon were in the lead, followed by the Atlanta, San Francisco, Portland, Helena, and Juneau, with the remaining ships trailing. What was odd about this force was that the majority of the ships with the best radar systems equipped were in the center or rear of the formation. However, this would form Task Group 67.4, which would be responsible for patrolling the entrance to Ironbottom Sound that night.

The Japanese force didn’t look any better either. The ships were arranged in a diamond formation with the main striking force in the center, which consisted of the battleships Hiei and Kirishima as well as several cruisers, leaving the destroyers to form the corners of the diamond. Once the forces neared Guadalcanal, the Hiei and Kirishima loaded their 14-inch guns with Type 3 shells, designed to bombard Henderson Field.

At 1:24 a.m., the Helena picked up the Japanese ships. Twenty minutes later, Cushing visually sighted a pair of enemy destroyers and made a left turn, followed by the other three leading destroyers. In order to avoid hitting the turning destroyers, the Atlanta turned left as well. The battle then began, and for the next 40 minutes, many ships on both sides would be sunk or damaged.

The battleship Hiei spotted the Atlanta directly ahead and once the searchlights homed in on the incoming cruiser, the Atlanta opened fire on the battleships searchlights and several other destroyers nearby. The Atlanta hit the Akatsuki before being damaged by several torpedoes and shells from Akatsuki started fires raging throughout the ship. The crippled Atlanta drifted away from the battle.



Next, the destroyer Cushing came as the lead attacker. The Cushing fired 6 torpedoes and several 5-inch shells at Hiei and Amatsukaze, but none of them hit the enemy ships. The Hiei then crippled Cushing with 10 direct hits from 14-inch guns.

The Laffey was next, and began hitting Hiei with machine guns. One of these hits killed Hirokai Abe’s chief of staff, Masakane Suzuki. Laffey then fired a torpedo at Hiei, but the torpedo didn’t arm and bounced harmlessly off Hiei's hull. The Laffey was then sunk by a torpedo fired from the destroyer Teruzuki, which blew off the stern, and a 14-inch shell from Kirishima that exploded in the boiler room. The order to abandon ship was given, and many of the crew were in the water when the Laffey exploded, killing most of the crew both on the ship and in the water.

Several more ships charged the Japanese formation. The Sterett lined up to hit Nagara before it lost its radio and radar capabilities. The Sterett then used its last torpedo to destroy the Akatsuki before drifting away. Next came the destroyer O’Bannon, which passed Sterett and open fire on Hiei.

The San Francisco switched to engage another Japanese destroyer. However, the drifting Atlanta drifted near the enemy destroyers and the shells from the San Francisco exploded on the Atlanta's superstructure, destroying it and killing Admiral Scott. After seeing this, Admiral Callaghan ordered a cease fire to re-group. Then, once all ships were regrouped, Callaghan ordered his ships to focus on the larger ships first.

The San Francisco advanced on the Hiei, and the ships exchanged fire. The Hiei’s first salvo were Type 3 shells, which were high explosives and not designed to penetrate armor, and as a result, did little damage except for killing most of the crew on the deck. The third salvo hit the bridge, killing Admiral Callaghan and most of the bridge crew. While damage crews worked on repairing the damaged ship, Lieutenant Commander Bruce McCandless turned the ship to rejoin the battle, knowing that if the flagship San Francisco left, the rest of the force may follow.



The Portland was next in line, following the San Francisco. Portland was hit in the propeller by a torpedo that locked the cruiser in a right turn. After the Portland’s first loop, the Hiei was waiting and the two ships exchanged fire. The Portland hit the battleship several times before continuing around on its loop.

The Helena followed Portland, with the Juneau afterwards. Helena engaged the Akatsuki, which was too busy firing at the disabled San Francisco to see the Helena approaching. The Helena pummeled the Japanese destroyer until the cruiser was driven off by three other Japanese destroyers.

Next came the cruiser Juneau. The Juneau attempted to engage enemy ships. While searching for a target, the cruiser was hit by a torpedo that removed the cruiser from the battle.

The four trailing destroyers came next. The Aaron Ward was hit 9 times by enemy shells while trying to avoid the crippled Sterett. The Barton also had to avoid a wreck, and was almost immediately sunk by two torpedoes, one of which was launched from Amatsukaze After Barton sank, the Monssen took on two destroyers . Two starburst shells exploded, lighting the area. The captain of the Monssen, believing that the shells were fired from American ships, turned on the recognition lights and was sunk by 47 Japanese shells. Fletcher managed to escape damage altogether.



The Japanese also took heavy damage. Yudachi, like the Monssen, lit the regonition lights, but stayed afloat until survivors get picked up. Akatsuki was sunk after severely damaging the Atlanta. The Amatsukaze was damaged by the Helena while the Japanese crew was busy firing at the crippled San Francisco, which had lost all of the weapons aboard and couldn’t fire back. Hiei took over 85 hits and stayed afloat. It took an additional torpedo and three bombs before the Hiei was ordered sunk by Admiral Isoroku Yamaoto. The destroyers Amatsukaze, Ikazuchi, and Murasame were also damaged. Admiral Hara and the Amatsukaze made a safe return, although Hara was deeply disturbed by the deaths aboard his ship.

Four sailors from the San Francisco were awarded the Medal of Honor, more than any other ship would receive in a single battle yet today. All ships returned for repairs in their home ports. The undamaged forces would again collide in Ironbottom Sound the next day.

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[snippy_about_it]

.......

The Second Naval Battle of Guadalcanal

On the next day, November 14, 1942, a second bombardment force approached Ironbottom Sound. This force focused on the battleship Kirishima, a survivor of the previous nights engagement.

This time the Americans were ready though. Two battleships were waiting, along with the standard destroyers. Together, these ships formed the patrol force that would cover Ironbottom Sound that night. The four destroyers would be responsible for engaging the enemy, with the battleships providing long range fire support.

The Japanese forces are spotted on an approach to Guadalcanal at 10:55 p.m. Shortly afterwards, the destroyers were ordered to attack, and left to deal with the force. These ships suffered the greatest damage of all the American ships and most of the Japanese ships that night. Three of the four destroyers were sunk, and the fourth destroyer, the USS Gwin, was heavily damaged.

The battleships begin to fire shortly afterwards. At 11:17 p.m., the Washington and South Dakota opened fire. However, the South Dakota was of little use, since the battleship was plagued with a series of problems and system malfuctions which would later eliminate it from the battle. The South Dakota would be the primary target for the ships. The American battleship sustained moderate damage before returning for repairs.



While the crew of the Kirishima was firing at the wounded battleship, the Washington slipped up alongside the Kirishima and fired devastating salvos of 5- and 16-inch shells into the side of the battleship at 12:05 a.m. In the next 7 minutes, the Kirishima was nearly totally devastated, and later sank. The Washington managed to sink the destroyer Ayanami before retiring from the battle.


IJN Kirishima

Each side returned returned for repairs, with both sides suffering from heavy damage. The Japanese lost the second battleship of the war, the first being Hiei on November 13, only two days before the Kirishima was sent to the bottom of the same area. American forces lost three destroyers, with a fourth heavily damaged, and a battleship. While the battles demonstrated superior night-fighting tactics for the Japanese, the frequent conflicts were beginning to take their toll on both sides.

[snippy_about_it]

............

One thing was clear after the battle. The Japanese had sent a convoy loaded with an entire infantry division of 12,000 men and equipment to Guadalcanal, enough to turn the tide of battle. Only 2,000 soldiers, 260 cases of ammunition and 1,500 bags of rice (a four-day supply) got ashore, after much punishment. The Americans shattered the convoy, sank two battleships, and put ashore 5,500 men and tons of supplies. The Americans had gained the edge on Guadalcanal, would clear the island, start climbing up the Solomons ladder and win the war.

A few hundred miles away, a Japanese staff officer was also penning a report, an appreciation of the Pacific war situation just before the two battles of Guadalcanal, which read, "It must be said that the success or failure in recapturing Guadalcanal Island, and the vital naval battle related to it, is the fork in the road which leads to victory for them or us."

The fork in the road had been reached. After Washington headed south from Ironbottom Sound on the morning of November 14, it was clear which way the war would go.

[snippy_about_it]

'We are going into an action area. We have no great certainty what forces we will encounter. We might be ambushed. A disaster of some sort may come upon us. But whatever it is we are going into, I hope to bring all of you back alive. Good luck to all of us.'

--Captain Glenn Davis,
Commander USS. Washington

[snippy_about_it]

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[snippy_about_it]

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[Iris7]

Nice, Snippy.

First and Second Naval Battles of Guadalcanal are as important as the Japanese analyst believed - "It must be said that the success or failure in recapturing Guadalcanal Island, and the vital naval battle related to it, is the fork in the road which leads to victory for them or us."

Nice to see Admiral Callaghan not blamed for everything that went badly the first night (for a change). The Admiral was killed at his post by enemy fire while doing his duty. (So was General Custer.) Any criticism should be respectful.

[Iris7]

First in!

[snippy_about_it]

Yippeee. Good for you!

[Iris7]

First image is a painting of Hiei and an F4F making a gun run on her. Hiei was damaged so severely by Callaghan's command the night before that she was in easy range of the Cactus Air Force the next morning. Old Slow But Deadly came to call a bit before first light. I bet that caused a sinking sensation aboard Hiei. Actually, as I recollect Hiei was plenty tough, and did not sink until about noon.

The Imperial Japanese Navy was not a bunch of wimps.

[Iris7]

The second image is a photo of South Dakota alongside a tender after the Second Battle. Notice she is down by the bows pretty bad. Got a bit of a port list, I bet she is nearly awash amidships (where you can't see because the tender is in the way). Been a full day's work for some time for those swabs. Full day's work is anything more than 22 hours per day.

Notice the large and deep oil slick. Bad damage.

[Aeronaut]

Good morning Snippy.

[E.G.C.]

Good morning, Snippy and everyone at the Foxhole.

[Professional Engineer]

Good morning ladies. It's Friday!

[Valin]

On This Day In History


Birthdates which occurred on August 19:
1631 John Dryden 1st poet laureate of England (Absalom & Achitophel)
1646 John Flamsteed 1st astronomer royal of England
1785 Seth Thomas pioneer in mass production of clocks
1844 Minna Canth Finland, novelist/dramatist (social evils)
1858 Edith Nesbit England, children books author (Railway Children)
1859 Charles Comiskey 1st basemen/manager (Chicago White Sox)
1860 John Kane Scottish-born US primitivist painter (Self-Portrait)
1870 Bernard Baruch financier/presidential adviser

1871 Orville Wright aviator

1878 Manuel Quezon 1st president of Philippine Commonwealth (1935-42)
1881 Georges Enesco (or Enescu) Romania, composer (Romanian Dances)
1889 Arthur Waley sinologist, translator from Chinese & Japanese

1890 H.P. Lovecraft, author of horror tales.

1892 Alfred Lunt Broadway actor (Emmy 1965)
1902 Ogden Nash Rye NY, humorous poet (I'm a Stranger Here Myself)
1903 Claude Dauphin Corbell France, actor (April in Paris, Deported)
1903 James Gould Cozzens US, novelist (1949 Pulitzer-Guard of Honor)
1906 Philo T Farnsworth Beaver Utah, inventor (electronic TV) ("The Damn Things Works")
1915 Ring Lardner Jr Chicago, screenwriter (Woman of the Year)
1916 Marie Wilson Anaheim Calif, actress (My Friend Irma)
1919 Malcolm Forbes publisher (Forbes Magazine)
1921 Gene Roddenberry executive producer (Star Trek)
1924 William Marshall Gary Ind, actor (Blacula, Something of Value)
1931 Willie Shoemaker jockey (In 1956 he won $2 million)
1933 Debra Paget actress (Anne of the Indies, Love Me Tender)
1934 Bill Cleary US, ice hockey player (Olympic-gold-1960)
1934 David F Durenberger Minn, (EX-Sen-R-Minn)
1934 Dr Renee Richards trans-sexual tennis player
1935 Bobby Richardson SC, 2nd baseman (NY Yankees)
1935 F Story Musgrave Boston, MD/astronaut (STS 6, 51-F, 33, 44)
1938 Diana Muldaur actress (McCloud, Star Trek Next Generation, LA Law)
1939 Ginger [Peter] Baker England, drummer (Cream-White Room)
1940 Jill St John [Oppenheim], LA Calif, actress (Diamonds are Forever)
1940 Johnny Nash Houston, Tx, rocker (I Can See Clearly Now)
1943 Billy J Kramer Liverpool, rocker (The Dakotas-Bad to Me)
1945 Ian Gillian heavy metal rocker (Deep Purple-Knocking at Backdoor)
1946 Charles F Bolden Jr Columbia SC, astronaut (STS 61C, 31, STS 45)
1946 Bill Clinton 42nd US President. (Former Little Rock Attorney)
1947 Gerald McRaney Collins Miss, actor (Simon & Simon, Major Dad)
1948 Mary Elizabeth Aitcheson. AKA "Tipper" Gore. Wife of AlGore US Vice President.
1951 John Deacon rocker (Queen-Bohemian Rhapsody)
1951 Randi Oakes Randalia Iowa, actress (Officer Bonnie Clark-CHiPs)
1952 Jonathan Frakes actor (Actor: Commander Will Riker in "Star Trek Next Generation", Director: "Star Trek: First Contact")
1956 Cindy Nelson US, skier (Olympic-bronze-1976)
1957 Darby Hinton Santa Monica Calif, actor (Israel-Daniel Boone)
1959 Steve Grimmett heavy metal rocker
1960 Ron Darling Hawaii, baseball pitcher (NY Mets)
1962 Valerie Kaprisky Paris France, actress (Breathless, Public Woman)
1965 Kevin Dillon actor (Heaven Help Us, Remote Control, Platoon)
1967 Jason Starsky son of Beatle Ringo
1969 Christian Slater actor (Legend of Billie Jean)
1970 Matthew Perry actor (Sydney)
1971 Tricia Ann Luedtke Oostburg Wisc, Miss Wisc-America-1991

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Deaths which occurred on August 19:
0014BC Octavian [Augustus] Roman general/emperor, dies at 48
1493 Frederick III Innsbruck Austria, German Emperor (1440-1493)
1929 Sergei P Diaghilev Russia, dance master (Imperial Ballet), dies at 57
1962 Kerstin Hesselgren 1st woman in Swedish parliament, dies at 90

1977 Julius (Groucho) Marx NYC, comedian (Marx Bros), dies in LA at 86

1986 Hermione Baddeley actress (Camp Runamuck, Maude), dies at 79

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Take A Moment To Remember
GWOT Casualties


Iraq
19-Aug-2004 3 | US: 1 | UK: 0 | Other: 2
POL Private 1st Class Sylwester Kutrzyk Al Hillah - Babil Hostile - vehicle accident
POL Corporal Grzegorz Rusinek Al Hillah - Babil Hostile - vehicle accident
US Corporal Brad Preston McCormick Al Anbar Province Hostile - hostile fire


Afghanistan
A GOOD DAY


http://icasualties.org/oif/
Data research by Pat Kneisler
Designed and maintained by Michael White
//////////
Go here and I'll stop nagging.
http://www.taps.org/
(subtle hint SEND MONEY)

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On this day...
0440 St Sixtus III ends his reign as Catholic Pope
1099 Crusaders defeat Saracens in Battle of Ascalon
1263 King James I of Aragon censors Hebrew writings


1619 The first group of twenty Africans is brought to Jamestown, Virginia.


1779 Americans under Major Henry Lee capture British garrison at Paulus Hook, New Jersey
1787 W Herschel discovers Enceladus, a moon of Saturn
1826 Canada Co chartered to colonize Upper Canada (Ontario)
1839 Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre unveils the daguerreotype
1864 2nd day of battle at Globe Tavern, Virginia.
1888 1st beauty contest (Spa, Belgium), 18 yr old West Indian wins (Helen Thomas wins Miss Congeniality)
1891 William Huggins describes astronomical application of spectrum
1903 Phillies suffer record 9th straight posponed game

1909 1st race at the Indianapolis 500 Speedway

1914 The British Expeditionary Force (BEF) lands in France
1917 Sunday benefit baseball game at the Polo Grounds results in John McGraw & Christy Mathewson's arrest for violating Blue laws
1934 Helen Hull Jacobs win US Lawn Tennis Association
1934 Plebiscite in Germany approved sole executive power to Adolph Hitler
1942 1,000 Canadian & British soldiers killed raiding Dieppe, France
1942 19 US Marines die during a commando raid on Makin atoll in the Gilbert Islands. The raid was 2,000 miles behind enemy lines and 9 Marines were left behind. The 1943 movie, "Gung Ho," was based on the raid and starred Randolph Scott as Lt. Col. Evans Carlson, leader of the raid. In 2001 the bodies of 13 Marines, who died on Makin, were reburied at Arlington National Cemetery
1942 1st American offensive in Pacific in WW2, Guadalcanal, Solomon Is
1942 5,000 Canadian and 2,000 British soldiers launch a raid against the Germans at Dieppe, France. Over 3,600 men perished in this battle.
1942 Gen. Von Paulus orders the German 6th Army to conquer Stalingrad
1950 ABC begins Saturday morning kid shows (Animal Clinic & Acrobat Ranch)

1951 Bill Veeck (Browns) sends Eddie Gaedel, a 3'7" midget, to pinch-hit

1953 Gen'l. Zahedi ousts Prime Minister Mossadegh and became the Premier of Iran in a coup that left 300 dead.
1954 Ralph J Bunche named undersecretary of UN
1955 Hurricane Diane kills 200 & 1st billion $ damage storm (N.E. US)
1957 NY Giants vote to move their franchise to SF in 1958
1957 The first balloon flight to exceed 100,000 feet lifts off from Crosby, Minnesota. (US Major David Simons)
1958 NAACP Youth Council begin sit-ins at Oklahoma City Lunch counters
1960 Francis Gary Powers convicted of spying by USSR (U-2 incident)
1960 Sputnik 5 carries 2 dogs, 3 mice into orbit (later recovered alive)
1962 Homer Blancos plays the finest round in golf, shooting a 55
1965 Cincinatti Red Jim Maloney 2nd no-hitter of year beats Chic Cubs, 1-0
1965 U.S. forces destroy a Viet Cong stronghold near Van Tuong, in South Vietnam
1967 Beatles' "All You Need is Love," single goes #1
1969 Chicago Cub Ken Holtzman no-hits Atlanta Braves, 3-0
1973 Pirate World Music Radio (Holland) closes down after 10 years
1976 Pres Gerald R Ford wins Republican pres nomination at KC convention
1978 422 die in an arson fire at a movie theater in Iran
1979 Crew of Soyuz 32 returns to Earth aboard Soyuz 34 aft 175 d flight
1980 Saudi Arabian Lockheed Tristar crashes on landing at Riyadh, 301 die
1981 2 US Navy F-14 jet fighters shoots down 2 Soviet-built Libyan SU-22
1982 Renaldo Nehemiah of US sets record for 110 m hurdles, 12.93 sec
1982 Soyuz T-7 launched, Svetlana Savtiskaya 2nd woman in space
1983 LSU footballer Billy Cannon sentenced to 5 yrs for counterfeiting
1984 Lee Trevino wins the PGA
1985 Japan launches its 2nd probe of Halley's Comet, Suisei
1988 Iran-Iraq begin a cease-fire in their 8-year-old war (11 PM EDT)
1988 NY Rangers sign ex-Canadien great Guy Lafluer

1989 Tadeusz Mazowiecki, elected 1st non-communmist president of Poland

1990 NY Yankee Kevin Mass is quickest to reach 14 HRs (approx 128 at bat)
1990 Iraqi President Saddam Hussein offered to free all foreigners detained in Iraq and Kuwait provided the United States promise to withdraw its forces from Saudi Arabia and guarantee that an international economic embargo would be lifted.....(meanwhile back in the REAL world....)
1993 Mattel and Fisher Price toys merge
1996 Ralph Nader accepts the presidential nomination of the Green Party in Los Angeles, denouncing tax breaks for corporations and calling for a "political alternative" to the two mainstream parties.
1996 A judge sentences former Arkansas Gov. Jim Guy Tucker to four years' probation for his Whitewater crimes.
1998 President Clinton spends a quiet 52nd birthday with his family on Martha's Vineyard as controversy continued to swirl over his admissions to a grand jury concerning his relationship with Monica Lewinsky.
1998 Int’l. Islamic Front for Jihad Against Jews and Crusaders & the Islamic Army for the Liberation of Holy Shrines claim responsibility for the embassy bombings in Africa. Declare war on America (Be careful what you ask for you just might get it)
1998 Mullah Mohamed Omar, supreme Taliban ruler, said that: "Even if all the countries of the world unite, we would defend Osama with our blood."
("One of the Taliban spokesmen said they have thousands of men who look forward to death like Americans look forward to living, which is great because we can arrange that. We'll set them up with death, we'll continue living." —Jay Leno)
2003 Afghanistan celebrated its Independence Day.
2003 Taha Yassin Ramadan, FORMER PAST EX Iraqi vice president known as "Saddam's knuckles" for his ruthlessness and No. 20 on the US list of most-wanted Iraqis, is turned over to US forces in Mosul.
2003 Moroccan court sentences four men to death and 83 others to prison in a trial centered on deadly terror attacks.
2004 Google, the Internet search engine, begins trading shares at $85 per share, Google shares close up 18% at $100.33

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Holidays
Note: Some Holidays are only applicable on a given "day of the week"

Ethiopia : Buhe
US : National Aviation Day (1939)
Hawaii : Admission Day (1959)
Mich : Montrose-Blueberry Festival
Afghanistan : Independence Day
National Picnic Month

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Religious Observances
Orth : Transfiguration of Our Lord (8/6 OS)
RC : Memorial of St John Eudes, confessor/priest (opt)

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Religious History
1099 The armies of the First Crusade defeated the Saracens at the Battle of Ascalon (an historic Palestinian city on the Mediterranean), one month after they had captured Jerusalem.
1775 Anglican clergyman and hymnwriter John Newton wrote in a letter: 'We are never more safe, never have more reason to expect the Lord's help, than when we are most sensible that we can donothing without Him.'
1886 The Christian Union was founded by Baptist clergyman Richard G. Spurling (1858-1935) in Monroe County, Tennessee. In 1923, this pentecostal denomination changed its name to the Church of God. Headquartered today in Cleveland, Tennessee, its current membership is nearly 500,000.
1934 English Bible expositor Arthur W. Pink wrote in a letter: 'It is not words which God pays attention to, but heart-groans and tears!'
1953 Israel's parliament conferred Israeli citizenship posthumously on all Jews killed by the Nazis during the years of the Holocaust (1933-45) in Europe.

Source: William D. Blake. ALMANAC OF THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH. Minneapolis: Bethany House, 1987.

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High-Brow Beer Costs $100 Per Bottle

NEW YORK -- A hundred bucks might seem cheap for a bit of utopia.
But in this case, Utopia is a beer brewed by the Samuel Adams company. It sells for $100 a bottle.

Earlier this week, beer lovers got a chance to sample the high-brow brew at the Hop Devil Grill in New York City. Shot-sized servings were included as part of a $40-a-head beer lover's four-course dinner.

This is a brew to sip not swill. Some of the patrons say Utopia is closer to cognac or whiskey than to beer. The bar bought four bottles of the pricey, 50-proof brew.

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Thought for the day :
"An occasional lucky guess as to what makes a wife tick is the best a man can hope for, Even then, no sooner has he learned how to cope with the tick than she tocks."
Ogden Nash

[Valin]

Old Slow But Deadly came to call a bit before first light. I bet that caused a sinking sensation aboard Hiei.

Have you no shame? :-)


The Imperial Japanese Navy was not a bunch of wimps.


Agree. I recall hearing a lecture years ago about the differenes between the Imperial Japanese Navy and Imperial Japanese Army.

[fredhead]

This was where the USS Juneau attacked, resulting in the death of the five Sullivan brothers. Here is a picture of USS The Sullivans DDG-68, the second ship named after the brothers.

[fredhead]

Oops, meant to say the Juneau WAS attacked.

[stand watie]

GM, snippy!

free dixie HUGS,sw

[snippy_about_it]

Any criticism should be respectful.

Amen.

[snippy_about_it]

she was in easy range of the Cactus Air Force

We have an old thread Sam put together on the Cactus Air Force. I need to revisit that one soon.