Your question: So how does the Catholic belief on Communion give you a personal knowledge of Jesus?
When we receive the precious Body and Blood we must first assent that it is indeed Him with the "Amen" and then consume Him.
Short of the marriage act it is the most personal/intimate knowledge you can have.
HMMMmmm...
Jesus answered, “The work of God is this: to believe in the one he has sent.”
You haven’t said anything about how Catholic Communion is personal to you, just that it is. For evangelicals what Communion means is the Gospel. It’s us being brought into the Last Supper, with the understanding the apostles didn’t fully have, but we do, that it was necessary for God to sacrifice His Son, who did so of His own choice, for us to be saved. Jesus shedding His blood and having His body broken for us demonstrates a divine love that we now can share in. It’s the beauty of the Lord that has been revealed to those who have a relationship with Him. And spiritually, we feed off Him in what He did for us in order to have life.