Well, (Cue the Church Lady...)
Actually, the Marian doctrines started from an attack on the person of Christ. As His mother, she certainly was pertinent when studying and confirming who He was and is still.
The way in which the Church reached a conclusive understanding of those doctrines can be found in Acts. The Council of Jerusalem set the formula that has been used through 20 centuries to come to know the truth and to share that truth with the Body of Christ.