Posted on 01/06/2013 3:56:49 PM PST by NYer
Bl. John Henry Newman said it best: “To be deep in history is to cease to be Protestant.” History paints an overwhelming picture of St. Peter’s apostolic ministry in Rome and this is confirmed by a multitude of different sources within the Early Church. Catholic Encyclopedia states, “In opposition to this distinct and unanimous testimony of early Christendom, some few Protestant historians have attempted in recent times to set aside the residence and death of Peter at Rome as legendary. These attempts have resulted in complete failure.” Protestantism as a whole seeks to divorce Christianity from history by rending Gospel message out of its historical context as captured by our Early Church Fathers. One such target of these heresies is to devalue St. Peter and to twist the authority of Rome into a historical mishap within Christianity. To wit, the belief has as its end the ultimate end of all Catholic and Protestant dialogue – who has authority in Christianity?
Why is it important to defend the tradition of St. Peter and Rome?
The importance of establishing St. Peter’s ministry in Rome may be boiled down to authority and more specifically the historic existence and continuance of the Office of Vicar held by St. Peter. To understand why St. Peter was important and what authority was given to him by Christ SPL has composed two lists – 10 Biblical Reasons Christ Founded the Papacy and 13 Reasons St. Peter Was the Prince of the Apostles.
The rest of the list is cited from the Catholic Encyclopedia on St. Peter and represents only a small fraction of the evidence set therein.
It is an indisputably established historical fact that St. Peter laboured in Rome during the last portion of his life, and there ended his earthly course by martyrdom. As to the duration of his Apostolic activity in the Roman capital, the continuity or otherwise of his residence there, the details and success of his labours, and the chronology of his arrival and death, all these questions are uncertain, and can be solved only on hypotheses more or less well-founded. The essential fact is that Peter died at Rome: this constitutes the historical foundation of the claim of the Bishops of Rome to the Apostolic Primacy of Peter.
St. Peter’s residence and death in Rome are established beyond contention as historical facts by a series of distinct testimonies extending from the end of the first to the end of the second centuries, and issuing from several lands.
That the manner, and therefore the place of his death, must have been known in widely extended Christian circles at the end of the first century is clear from the remark introduced into the Gospel of St. John concerning Christ’s prophecy that Peter was bound to Him and would be led whither he would not — “And this he said, signifying by what death he should glorify God” (John 21:18-19, see above). Such a remark presupposes in the readers of the Fourth Gospel a knowledge of the death of Peter.
St. Peter’s First Epistle was written almost undoubtedly from Rome, since the salutation at the end reads: “The church that is in Babylon, elected together with you, saluteth you: and so doth my son Mark” (5:13). Babylon must here be identified with the Roman capital; since Babylon on the Euphrates, which lay in ruins, or New Babylon (Seleucia) on the Tigris, or the Egyptian Babylon near Memphis, or Jerusalem cannot be meant, the reference must be to Rome, the only city which is called Babylon elsewhere in ancient Christian literature (Revelation 17:5; 18:10; “Oracula Sibyl.”, V, verses 143 and 159, ed. Geffcken, Leipzig, 1902, 111).
From Bishop Papias of Hierapolis and Clement of Alexandria, who both appeal to the testimony of the old presbyters (i.e., the disciples of the Apostles), we learn that Mark wrote his Gospel in Rome at the request of the Roman Christians, who desired a written memorial of the doctrine preached to them by St. Peter and his disciples (Eusebius, Church History II.15, 3.40, 6.14); this is confirmed by Irenaeus (Against Heresies 3.1). In connection with this information concerning the Gospel of St. Mark, Eusebius, relying perhaps on an earlier source, says that Peter described Rome figuratively as Babylon in his First Epistle.
Another testimony concerning the martyrdom of Peter and Paul is supplied by Clement of Rome in his Epistle to the Corinthians (written about A.D. 95-97), wherein he says (chapter 5):
“Through zeal and cunning the greatest and most righteous supports [of the Church] have suffered persecution and been warred to death. Let us place before our eyes the good Apostles — St. Peter, who in consequence of unjust zeal, suffered not one or two, but numerous miseries, and, having thus given testimony (martyresas), has entered the merited place of glory”.
He then mentions Paul and a number of elect, who were assembled with the others and suffered martyrdom “among us” (en hemin, i.e., among the Romans, the meaning that the expression also bears in chapter 4). He is speaking undoubtedly, as the whole passage proves, of the Neronian persecution, and thus refers the martyrdom of Peter and Paul to that epoch.
In his letter written at the beginning of the second century (before 117), while being brought to Rome for martyrdom, the venerable Bishop Ignatius of Antioch endeavours by every means to restrain the Roman Christians from striving for his pardon, remarking: “I issue you no commands, like Peter and Paul: they were Apostles, while I am but a captive” (Epistle to the Romans 4). The meaning of this remark must be that the two Apostles laboured personally in Rome, and with Apostolic authority preached the Gospel there.
Bishop Dionysius of Corinth, in his letter to the Roman Church in the time of Pope Soter (165-74), says:
“You have therefore by your urgent exhortation bound close together the sowing of Peter and Paul at Rome and Corinth. For both planted the seed of the Gospel also in Corinth, and together instructed us, just as they likewise taught in the same place in Italy and at the same time suffered martyrdom” (in Eusebius, Church History II.25).
Irenaeus of Lyons, a native of Asia Minor and a disciple of Polycarp of Smyrna (a disciple of St. John), passed a considerable time in Rome shortly after the middle of the second century, and then proceeded to Lyons, where he became bishop in 177; he described the Roman Church as the most prominent and chief preserver of the Apostolic tradition, as “the greatest and most ancient church, known by all, founded and organized at Rome by the two most glorious Apostles, Peter and Paul” (Against Heresies 3.3; cf. 3.1). He thus makes use of the universally known and recognized fact of the Apostolic activity of Peter and Paul in Rome, to find therein a proof from tradition against the heretics.
In his “Hypotyposes” (Eusebius, Church History IV.14), Clement of Alexandria, teacher in the catechetical school of that city from about 190, says on the strength of the tradition of the presbyters: “After Peter had announced the Word of God in Rome and preached the Gospel in the spirit of God, the multitude of hearers requested Mark, who had long accompanied Peter on all his journeys, to write down what the Apostles had preached to them” (see above).
Like Irenaeus, Tertullian appeals, in his writings against heretics, to the proof afforded by the Apostolic labours of Peter and Paul in Rome of the truth of ecclesiastical tradition. In De Præscriptione 36, he says:
“If thou art near Italy, thou hast Rome where authority is ever within reach. How fortunate is this Church for which the Apostles have poured out their whole teaching with their blood, where Peter has emulated the Passion of the Lord, where Paul was crowned with the death of John.”
In Scorpiace 15, he also speaks of Peter’s crucifixion. “The budding faith Nero first made bloody in Rome. There Peter was girded by another, since he was bound to the cross”. As an illustration that it was immaterial with what water baptism is administered, he states in his book (On Baptism 5) that there is “no difference between that with which John baptized in the Jordan and that with which Peter baptized in the Tiber”; and against Marcion he appeals to the testimony of the Roman Christians, “to whom Peter and Paul have bequeathed the Gospel sealed with their blood” (Against Marcion 4.5).
The Roman, Caius, who lived in Rome in the time of Pope Zephyrinus (198-217), wrote in his “Dialogue with Proclus” (in Eusebius, Church History II.25) directed against the Montanists: “But I can show the trophies of the Apostles. If you care to go to the Vatican or to the road to Ostia, thou shalt find the trophies of those who have founded this Church”.
By the trophies (tropaia) Eusebius understands the graves of the Apostles, but his view is opposed by modern investigators who believe that the place of execution is meant. For our purpose it is immaterial which opinion is correct, as the testimony retains its full value in either case. At any rate the place of execution and burial of both were close together; St. Peter, who was executed on the Vatican, received also his burial there. Eusebius also refers to “the inscription of the names of Peter and Paul, which have been preserved to the present day on the burial-places there” (i.e. at Rome).
There thus existed in Rome an ancient epigraphic memorial commemorating the death of the Apostles. The obscure notice in the Muratorian Fragment (“Lucas optime theofile conprindit quia sub praesentia eius singula gerebantur sicuti et semote passionem petri evidenter declarat”, ed. Preuschen, Tübingen, 1910, p. 29) also presupposes an ancient definite tradition concerning Peter’s death in Rome.
The apocryphal Acts of St. Peter and the Acts of Sts. Peter and Paul likewise belong to the series of testimonies of the death of the two Apostles in Rome.
You are not to argue with what those in Catholicism say you meant.
For that matter, you are not to argue with what Catholicism says GOD meant. (cause He really didn’t mean.....)
Not surprised the counterfeit church would teach that - it's only doing it's job - to prevent as many as they can from attaining salvation.
GOD: - "For it is by grace you have been saved, through faith--and this not from yourselves, it is the gift of God--not by works, so that no one can boast."
ROME: Salvation is impossible apart from good works.
CB has love, joy, peace, long-suffering, gentleness, goodness, faith, meekness and temperance putting up with Catholics and their stiff neck, hardheartedness. Others may walk away saying 'I got mine, too bad about you' after ALL this time.
So be thankful. Deception, by definition, can't be seen by the one who is deceived. Catholicism with its man-made, made up teachings/doctrine is to deceive it's flock and you won't hear that sitting in the pew.
The Lord says: "These people come near to Me with their mouth and honor Me with their lips, but their hearts are far from Me. Their worship of Me is MADE UP only of rules taught by men. Isaiah 29:13
You hypocrites! Isaiah was right when he prophesied about you: "'These people honor me with their lips, but their hearts are far from Me. They worship Me in vain; their teachings are but rules taught by men.'" Matt 15:7-9
Do you like the direct approach of JESUS, calling it as HE sees/knows it? I LOVE IT!! Wondering if you would not see evidence of Jesus having the fruit of the Spirit, either??
Hey metmom, I wonder if John and Paul had library cards.
When John completed Revelation he must have handed over to the Catholic's then, to hand write. And appears they didn't like it for some reason.
there was no Christian "competition" at the time...
Christians always had an enemy with tentacles and still do today: evil. It spread itself and formed Catholicsm/Islam/Mormonism/Buddism - and many other flavors to suit anyone taste. Satan lays the bait and whoever grabs it, he ropes them in with man made teachings and twisting of God's Word.
The Holy Spirit always teaches that which can be confirmed in the Word as Truth. Isaiah (8:20) plainly says 'if they speak NOT “according to this Word,” then they are preaching things of darkness'.
"To the law and to the testimony: if they speak NOT according to This Word, it is because there is no light in them."
AMEN!! I, also, and most appreciative that we have The Word to obey for there was a time it was held captive but God always has a remnant.
While it could be argued that Ezra came from probably that 15% of the educated, the priests and the Levites mentioned here were the ones who were left in captivity. These were the poorest and least educated. Yet they still came to "study" the words of the Law. Additionally, these were people who were poor farmers scratching out a meager living during a time of captivity. (see Nehemiah and Ezra)
Grant it there was probably very little need for people to read and write. The Pharisees were surprised at where our Lord received His "great learning". But scrolls have been found indicating mundane things like supplies and budgets. These types of things would suggest that people had enough literary knowledge to at least carry on daily transactions of commerce. Knowing how faulty the human mind is, I cannot believe that people didn't take to writing down things or knowing what was in signed agreements; at least a little bit. Could they read a book like Deuteronomy? Perhaps not but they could probably pick their way through it.
I agree. What about building the Ark of the Covenant and Noah’s Ark? Did they memorize the instructions given?
http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+37&version=NLT
http://www.ldolphin.org/cisflood.html
Why did Jesus say many times It is Written. People were not ignorant like ‘modern folk’ make them out to be now.
Many today don’t know evil even when they see it or good when they read it.
How about their teachings totally nullifies The Word of God! That is true. And no one can serve two masters.
Not to mention lentals that supposedly hung on every Jewish entrance. These were little pieces of paper or pottery that listed the Ten Commandments. Surely people could read these.
Maybe you mean lentels which is the horizontal part of the door frame.
Thanks for the correction.
Six hundred posts BACK???
No thanks...
"To whom much is given; much is expected."
It ALSO says "who".
So; until the Great Doctor starts posting, that GENERALITY is not going to be confused by the intelligent as being PERSONAL.
Just, like, MORMONism.
anathema
Don't just HOPE; PING!!!
I'm sure he can make an unbiased decision.
While...
It can be unfortunate to apply certain human concepts in the wrong scenario as well...
That sounded a bit JUDGEMENTAL; but then I noticed you had a SMALL 'c' in the last word.
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