That is a Pauline innovation. I would be curious to see some Patristic commentaries on the subject of Paul's idea that God wanted to make Jews jealous and punished them by favoring the Gentiles (which, for a Jew St. Paul claimed to be is utterly unJewish!).
See Paul: in Fresh Perspective by N.T. Wright to see how thoroughly Jewish Paul actually was. Don't mistake the past few hundred years or so of Pauline studies of being definitive of Paul.