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Neither is there any record of instructions that Peter was to pass that authority (for lack of a better word) on to anyone else.

There is no record of Peter granting remission of sins to anyone or withholding it, or any other disciple that I can think of.

Peter never referred to the incident anywhere in recorded Scripture and neither did any of the other disciples, as they certainly could have at the Council of Jerusalem.

As a matter of fact, that would have been the perfect opportunity to, especially since James was there, who would have been familiar with the incident since he apparently was there and heard it. If he thought that Jesus meant to establish Peter as the head of His church, James would have been wrong to not defer to Peter at that point and everyone else would have known it. Peter didn’t take the opportunity to put himself forward, reminding the others of what Christ said and then using that authority to make the final decision himself, without anyone else’s input.

Over three hundred years pass between Jesus making that statement and the establishment of the Catholic Church and the papacy,with very little information in recorded history of the Catholic church or it’s actions for that time period.

Excuse me if that causes me to be skeptical of the claims the Catholic church uses to justify its teachings and doctrines.

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Mark 9: 33They came to Capernaum. When he was in the house, he asked them, “What were you arguing about on the road?” 34But they kept quiet because on the way they had argued about who was the greatest.

35Sitting down, Jesus called the Twelve and said, “If anyone wants to be first, he must be the very last, and the servant of all.”

36He took a little child and had him stand among them. Taking him in his arms, he said to them, 37”Whoever welcomes one of these little children in my name welcomes me; and whoever welcomes me does not welcome me but the one who sent me.”

Luke 9: 46 An argument started among the disciples as to which of them would be the greatest. 47Jesus, knowing their thoughts, took a little child and had him stand beside him. 48Then he said to them, “Whoever welcomes this little child in my name welcomes me; and whoever welcomes me welcomes the one who sent me. For he who is least among you all—he is the greatest.”

Luke 22:24 Also a dispute arose among them as to which of them was considered to be greatest. 25Jesus said to them, “The kings of the Gentiles lord it over them; and those who exercise authority over them call themselves Benefactors. 26But you are not to be like that. Instead, the greatest among you should be like the youngest, and the one who rules like the one who serves.