There was a poster here on FR that rail about the “Lutheran Sack of Rome!” constantly. That seemed odd to me, since the Protesting Estates never really got on that side of the Alps that much, let along Rome. Well, it did happen, but it was by the Catholic HRE Charles V who had found that the Pope of the time was trying to support some of the Protestant armies against the French! So you did have a army of mercs, some who were Lutheran/Protestant, invade Rome. But they did it at the command of the Catholic Charles V!
And as I’ve noted before that as King of Spain and Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V was easily the most powerful person in the world.
He sacked Rome to establish once and for all that it was he and not the Pope who controlled Europe. It was during this period that the Pope was considering Henry VIII’s annulment from Catherine of Aragon and he would have gotten it EXCEPT for the fact that Charles V was her nephew and an annulment would have technically made her a whore and her children bastards. So, there was no annulment, Henry VIII split from Rome, DIVORCED Catherine and became head of the Church of England. The English Reformation was PURELY political, it had nothing to do with theology.