:12 Therefore, even as through one man sin entered into the world, and death by sin, and so death passed on all men inasmuch as all sinned:
Please note Paul states that all sinned through Adam....All men are guilty of the sin of Adam and therefore all men die.
Then look closely at the passage. Paul said that sin entered the world through one man. He did
not say that "all sinned through Adam". He said that death passed on all men inasmuch as all sinned."
God is not holding anyone guilty for the sin of another, not even the sin of Adam, otherwise the following quote from God himself in Ezekiel 18 would become untrue:
9 "Yet you ask, 'Why does the son not share the guilt of his father?' Since the son has done what is just and right and has been careful to keep all my decrees, he will surely live. 20 The soul who sins is the one who will die. The son will not share the guilt of the father, nor will the father share the guilt of the son. The righteousness of the righteous man will be credited to him, and the wickedness of the wicked will be charged against him.
God is not holding anyone guilty for the sin of another, not even the sin of Adam That is not what Romans states:
Rom 5:16-17 And the free gift shall not be as by one having sinned; (for indeed the judgment was of one to condemnation, but the free gift is of many offenses to justification. For if by one man's offense death reigned by one, much more they who receive abundance of grace and the gift of righteousness shall reign in life by One, Jesus Christ.)
The comparison between Adam and Christ cannot be overlooked. Otherwise you would have to say that not everyone in Christ is made righteous. Death comes into the world through "...one man's offense...". Death can only come to those who sinned. Likewise, much more do they receive abundance of grace through Christ. It is simple logic.
I can think of no greater explanation of original sin than Romans 5.