What then were the Muslim conquest of Christian Palestine, Lebanon, Syria, Egypt, Lybia, Africa, Spain, Provencal, Malta, Sicily, Sardinia, the Baleric Islands, Crete, Cyprus, Anatolia, etc. prior to the Crusades?
Who were Charles Martel and El Cid fighting against?
Goodness gracious Torie! You surely know more history than you are displaying here!
Awareness of ignorance is the first step to knowledge.
Roland, too.
But Torie is right that the most threatening Islamic incursions followed the Crusades. If not for the battles of Vienna and Lepanto, we would surely all be Muslims now.
-ccm