There is a hyge difference in the two, a Roman Catholic is one who abides by the doctrines, teachings and traditions of the church of Rome.
A Catholic is a Born Again Christian, all who make up the body of the church, the bride of Christ.
Yes, if by that you mean baptized (born of water and the Spirit). You'll find that and more in the Catechism of the Catholic Church.
"Roman Catholic Church" is the colloquial way of referring to both the Latin Rite of the Catholic Church and to the Catholic Church as a whole.