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AIR POWER
Northrop Grumman EA-6B Prowler
The Grumman (now Northrop Grumman) EA-6B Prowler is a unique national asset that can be deployed from land bases and aircraft carriers to monitor the electromagnetic spectrum and actively deny an adversary the use of radar and communications. The EA-6B is a unique, high-demand low-volume (HDLV) national asset that provides electronic attack for the Navy, Marines, and Air Force. The EA-6B Prowler was designed to complement the Navy's defenses in today's electronic warfare environment. Electronic countermeasures required improvement to compete with the ever-increasing complexity of hostile radar-guided guns, missiles and aircraft. The Prowler was the first aircraft built from the drawing boards to fulfill the role of an electronic warfare aircraft. The EA-6B Prowler is included in every aircraft carrier deployment. The EA-6B's primary mission is to protect fleet surface units and other aircraft by jamming hostile radars and communications. The EA-6B is an integral part of the fleet's first line of defense, and will remain so well into the next century. As a result of restructuring DoD assets in 1995, the EF-111 Raven was retired, and the EA-6B was left as the only radar jammer in DoD. Five new squadrons were stood up. Four of these squadrons are dedicated to supporting USAF Aerospace Expeditionary Force wings.
The EA-6B has proven itself in Vietnam, the Middle East, Southwest Asia, and the Balkans, where strike aircraft losses were dramatically reduced when the Prowler was on station. These conflicts made it evident that the winner of future military conflicts will be the force which most completely controls the electromagnetic spectrum. To achieve this, the EA-6B uses sensitive receivers to detect radar signals in order to determine whether they should be jammed with high powered transmitters or destroyed using High Speed Anti-Radiation Missiles (HARMs).
In a strike mission a variety of aircraft are assigned for different roles. The EA-6B aircraft is mainly utilized for Suppression of Enemy Air Defenses, or SEAD. It achieves this through the use of jamming equipment and High speed Anti-Radiation Missiles, or HARM. Jamming involves the release of electromagnetic energy that interferes with the enemy's radar detection capability. A great part of an enemy's air defense system that poses a threat to US forces can be neutralized with the EA-6B Prowler. The first part of an enemy's air defense system a strike package encounters is the Early Warning (EW) radars. The air defense system depends on these EW radars to indicate the direction and location of US forces approaching the enemy's territory. With an EA-6B flying with a strike package and producing jamming signals to these EW radars, the enemy's ability to detect us approaching is greatly reduced. This provides precious time for the successful completion of the mission. The Prowler can jam a variety of radars.
Another aspect of an air defense system is its surface-air-missiles, or SAMs. Numerous SAM systems require some sort of electronic tracking by a radar system in order to be effective. When this enemy electronic tracking system is illuminated towards US forces, the EA-6B can fire a HARM missile which guides in on radiated energy. Thus, a hardkill is accomplished by destroying the radar. When the enemy does not turn on their weapon system radar for fear of a HARM missile being fired at them, a softkill is accomplished.
Manufacturer: Grumman Aircraft Corporation
Power plant: Two Pratt & Whitney J52-P408 turbofan engines
Thrust: 11,200 pounds (4,767 kilograms) per engine
Length: 59 feet (17.98 meters)
Height: 15 feet (4.57 meters)
Wing span: 53 feet (16.15 meters)
Speed: Maximum .99 mach; cruise .72 mach
Ceiling: 40,000 feet - maximum (12,186 meters)
37,600 feet - Service ceiling
Performance: 2,750 ft - Minimum take-off distance
2,185 ft - Minimum landing distance
Weight: 33,600 lbs - Empty
61,500 lbs - Maximum TOGW (27,921 kilograms)
15,422 lbs - Internal fuel
10,000 lbs - External fuel
4,000 lbs - External fuel (typical)
Range: Unrefueled in combat configuration: 850 nautical miles (977.5 miles)
Refueled: unlimited (crew fatigue factor - approximately 8 hours)
Armament: ALQ-99 Tactical Jamming System (TJS);
High Speed Anti-Radiation Missile (HARM)
Sensors: ALQ-99 On-board System (OBS)
Crew: 4
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