Free Republic
Browse · Search
News/Activism
Topics · Post Article

Skip to comments.

Climate Change Led To The Spread Of Uralic Languages
Science 2.0 ^

Posted on 05/15/2022 4:37:28 PM PDT by FarCenter

The Uralic language family and languages such as Finnish, Estonian, Saami and Hungarian began to spread west approximately 4,200–3,900 years ago, first to the central Volga region and later to the Baltic Sea and North Atlantic.

The Uralic language family is a few hundred years younger than the Indo-European one, and its spread led to contacts with Indo-Iranian language variants and the creation of a long contact zone in the area currently known as central Russia. Early loan words originating from this contact made their way into the Uralic languages that were beginning to emerge, including Sami, the Balto-Finnic languages, Mordvinic, Mari and the Permic languages.(1)

The spread of the Uralic languages from western Siberia during the early Metal Age happened quickly and chief among the three factors was climate change. During what is sometimes termed the the 4.2ka event, the air in Siberia became colder, spreading outwards to cause widespread droughts and colder winters.

The second factor was progress. Though technology is criticized today by activists in academia and the environmental movement, the early Metal and Bronze Age cultures were able to thrive and learn about other cultures thanks to metal, and contact with others and resulting diversity promoted the rapid westward spread of languages. Once trade was established, waterways carried metals from the Ural Mountains and Siberia to the west, as well as later from the Volga to the Baltic region. As technology spread, all lives improved.

In the first stage the Uralic spread went from east to west, and in the second individual branches from south to north. The speakers of the early Uralic languages, in the area bordered by the Volga and its tributaries Oka and Kama, learned agriculture and animal husbandry from their Indo-European neighbours in Europe.

Once the cycle of climate changed again and onditions improved, agriculture spread to the furthest reaches of the northern steppes.

Drastic demographic events triggered the Uralic spread

https://www.jbe-platform.com/content/journals/10.1075/dia.20038.gru

Conclusions

We have argued that Proto-Uralic originated east of the Urals and out of contact with Proto-Indo-European. Its traceable prehistory begins with a mostly westward spread bringing daughter speech communities to the middle Volga. That spread took place rapidly and for the most part without substratal effects. It occurred in the time frame of the 4.2 ka event, the Seima-Turbino transcultural phenomenon, and the Indo-Iranian contact episode, and taken together these three events explain the Uralic spread and situate it in space and time. Early Uralic spread with ST trade along the rivers that were the main avenues of communication and transport, and this brought it into position for Indo-Iranian contacts. That contact episode with independently well-dated Indo-Iranian gives a reliable absolute date for the Uralic divergence and dispersal: not long before 4,000 years ago. It took place over some expanse of space and some length of time, as loans come separately into the early Uralic daughters (the ancestors of the modern branches) and reflect time frames from Pre-Proto-Indo-Iranian to early Iranian.

That early spread turned Proto-Uralic as reconstructed by the comparative method into Common Uralic, the set of still mutually intelligible but separate and separately evolving varieties that emerged from the initial diversification of Proto-Uralic. Proto-Uralic has a number of eastern typological features suggesting an eastern origin. It also has some rare features that have remained stable in the family, indicating that, while early Uralic must have expanded via language shift, the shifting population had minimal impact on Proto-Uralic grammar and vocabulary. It was Common Uralic that was involved in Seima-Turbino trade and Indo-Iranian contacts. The non-pastoral, non-agricultural, sparsely distributed Common Uralic populations suffered less from the 4.2 ka event and accompanying plague, and were able to recover from it faster than the denser stockbreeding Indo-European populations. As a result, early Uralic replaced IE-speaking populations along the Volga and near the Urals, acquiring no Indo-European substratum and no evidence of IE lexical contact prior to the Indo-Iranian episode.

The early history of the Samoyedic branch is mysterious. If Pre-Samoyedic spread with Seima-Turbino, it spread eastward and not into the area of strong Indo-Iranian contact. Samoyedic retains a low absolute number of Proto-Uralic etyma, but until more Proto-Uralic reconstruction and statistical analysis are done it is not known whether the number of etyma is significantly low.

Northward spreads, a standing pattern in northern Eurasia, gave the Uralic language family its large northern extent. An important contributor to these spreads was language shift. Major northward spreads of Uralic branches proceeded from the upper Yenisei, the middle Volga, and (later, involving Saamic and then Finnic) from the northeast Baltic region. As a result of these spreads, apart from what are now national languages, Uralic languages became known to linguistics and ethnography primarily as languages of hunter-gatherers and northern people.


TOPICS: News/Current Events
KEYWORDS: climate; climatechange; epigraphyandlanguage; globalwarminghoax; godsgravesglyphs; greennewdeal; helixmakemineadouble; linguistics; news; uralic; uraliclanguages

1 posted on 05/15/2022 4:37:28 PM PDT by FarCenter
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | View Replies]

Comment #2 Removed by Moderator

To: lump in the melting pot

How could there be climate change? Widespread use of fossil fuels was millennia in the future.


3 posted on 05/15/2022 4:42:08 PM PDT by MustKnowHistory
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 2 | View Replies]

To: FarCenter

The sun has always had an effect on the planet. Wow.


4 posted on 05/15/2022 4:43:45 PM PDT by toddausauras (How far will the left go in terms of destroying our personal freedoms?)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 1 | View Replies]

To: FarCenter

So I guess they’re blaming us for climate change 4000 years ago. May as well. They’re blaming me for slavery 170 years ago.


5 posted on 05/15/2022 4:46:43 PM PDT by HighSierra5 (The only way you know a commie is lying is when they open their pieholes.)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 1 | View Replies]

To: MustKnowHistory

What, you thought all these people just walked across the Siberian steppes? No way, of course they drove SUVs! It’s a really long distance...


6 posted on 05/15/2022 4:49:59 PM PDT by lump in the melting pot
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 3 | View Replies]

To: FarCenter

Where are they now, though?


7 posted on 05/15/2022 4:53:47 PM PDT by x
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 1 | View Replies]

To: lump in the melting pot

“So who invented ‘blyat, suka!’?”

YouTube.

That’s all I hear when I’m watching Russian car crash videos.


8 posted on 05/15/2022 4:57:11 PM PDT by moovova
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 2 | View Replies]

To: FarCenter
My mother has the same DNA as do 52% of the Skolt Sami.
9 posted on 05/15/2022 5:06:01 PM PDT by blam
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 1 | View Replies]

To: moovova

Translates as F’n B


10 posted on 05/15/2022 5:08:21 PM PDT by TheWriterTX (Trust not in earthly princes....!)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 8 | View Replies]

To: lump in the melting pot

Hah!


11 posted on 05/15/2022 5:09:04 PM PDT by MustKnowHistory
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 6 | View Replies]

To: FarCenter
Drastic demographic events triggered the Uralic spread

Now would this uralic spread be related to other kinds of infectious spread, like from other infectious infections, you know, like um, well, uralic, uranus, some of those already quickly spread, even like Michael Douglas and them already well-known, THEY said it spreads, I mean, what should we expect to happen if they pass things along, I mean, I don't have access to the best physicians in the world, I just have to ask COULD SOMETHING HAVE HAPPENED EVEN JUST LAST SATURDAY! and if it has be just a wee bit worrrrr......

12 posted on 05/15/2022 5:26:56 PM PDT by Fightin Whitey
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 1 | View Replies]

To: FarCenter

“During what is sometimes termed the the 4.2ka event, the air in Siberia became colder, spreading outwards to cause widespread droughts and colder winters.”

Indo-Europeans to the rescue!! We invented chariots, and as everyone knows, wheeled vehicles lead to global warming!


13 posted on 05/15/2022 5:41:04 PM PDT by VanShuyten ("...that all the donkeys were dead. I know nothing as to the fate of the less valuable animals)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 1 | View Replies]

To: FarCenter

Interesting articles at that site.


14 posted on 05/15/2022 5:50:07 PM PDT by Ciexyz (Prayers for America.)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 1 | View Replies]

To: Ciexyz

Next, they will blame the great flood of Noah’s time to climate change! Nothing is sane with these money grubbers.


15 posted on 05/15/2022 6:18:39 PM PDT by V V Camp Enari 67-68 ( This clears up a lot of misconceptions.)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 14 | View Replies]

To: TheWriterTX

Yep...I kept hearing it so much, I had to look it up.


16 posted on 05/15/2022 6:53:27 PM PDT by moovova
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 10 | View Replies]

To: FarCenter

Apparently the Proto-Uralic speakers didn’t know how to count to 100. The word for “hundred” in Hungarian, Finnish and Estonian, all members of the Uralic family, is derived from an Indo-European language of the “satem” group (which includes the Indo-Iranian and Slavic languages). So maybe some kindly Scythian taught them to count to 100.


17 posted on 05/15/2022 7:40:25 PM PDT by Verginius Rufus
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 1 | View Replies]

To: StayAt HomeMother; Ernest_at_the_Beach; 1ofmanyfree; 21twelve; 24Karet; 2ndDivisionVet; 31R1O; ...
Looks like a blogger trash source, pushing the global warming hoax, probably we're seeing the return of that bot troll that kept pushing the fake "ancient archaeology" site -- but it's an interesting article.

18 posted on 05/16/2022 7:20:27 AM PDT by SunkenCiv (Imagine an imaginary menagerie manager imagining managing an imaginary menagerie.)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | View Replies]

To: SunkenCiv

Climate Change Led To The Spread Of Uralic Languages


Seems to me that Uralic peoples 2,000 BC didn’t have a word for “climate,” much less “climate change.” I suspect they called it “weather,” just like the Indo-Euros did: *we-dhro- for “weather”

The Indo-Euros didn’t have a word for “climate,” either:

climate (n)
late 14c., “horizontal zone of the earth’s surface measured by lines parallel to the equator,” from Old French climat “region, part of the earth,” from Latin clima (genitive climatis) “region; slope of the earth,” from Greek klima “region, zone,” literally “an inclination, slope,” thus “slope of the earth from equator to pole,” from a suffixed form of PIE root *klei- “to lean.”

https://www.etymonline.com/word/climate

*klei- does have some fun extractions:

It forms all or part of: acclivity; anticline; clemency; client; climate; climax; cline; clinic; clinical; clino-; clitellum; clitoris; decline; declivity; enclitic; heteroclite; incline; ladder; lean (v.); lid; low (n.2) “small hill, eminence;” matroclinous; patroclinous; polyclinic; proclitic; proclivity; recline; synclinal; thermocline.


19 posted on 05/16/2022 11:04:03 AM PDT by nicollo
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 18 | View Replies]

To: toddausauras

And volcanic eruptions!


20 posted on 05/16/2022 4:47:12 PM PDT by lizma2
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 4 | View Replies]

Disclaimer: Opinions posted on Free Republic are those of the individual posters and do not necessarily represent the opinion of Free Republic or its management. All materials posted herein are protected by copyright law and the exemption for fair use of copyrighted works.

Free Republic
Browse · Search
News/Activism
Topics · Post Article

FreeRepublic, LLC, PO BOX 9771, FRESNO, CA 93794
FreeRepublic.com is powered by software copyright 2000-2008 John Robinson