No they didn’t. If they paid $1 million in states taxes and owed $2 million in Fed tax, they were able to deduct the $1 million they paid to the state, and thus paid only $1 million of their fed tax.
Now they have to pay their $1 million in state tax, and the whole $2 million they must pay now.
That is a total of $2 million before the new tax law, compared to $3 million they pay under the new tax law.
How is that the same?
Because anyone who pays that much in Federal income taxes is already paying far more than their "fair share" to begin with -- regardless of whether their Federal tax bill is $1 million, $2 million or $3 million.