If you took Equatorial Guinea, where the average IQ is 59, and converted them to Judaism I don't think you would see a sudden outbreak of new vaccines and computer designs. It might still be good for the society to have a unifying religion, but it's not going to make them into really smart Jewish people.
I would suggest that "European culture" (to the extent that there is even a unified definition of it) came to dominate the world by almost any objective measure due to a combination of four underlying influences that haven't been replicated in any other one culture:
1. The linear worldview of Judaism -- i.e., the understanding of the world in the context of a physical reality with a beginning and an end, which replaced the cyclical worldview that marks aboriginal cultures that never change over time.
2. The egalitarianism of Christianity -- i.e., the notion that human salvation, and by extension human morals and civil law, should apply equally to all people regardless of race, religion and/or culture.
3. The Arabic numerical system ... Yes, the Islamic conquest of Europe left this lasting positive contribution to the world.
4. An Anglo-Saxon sense of order ... which explains why it wasn't Europeans in general who ended up dominating the world through as the colonial era progressed -- it was people of Germanic and British extraction.