"there was a Great Big Dude with a white beard who waved a magic wand over some water and created the earth" I am pretty sure I never made such a claim, please correct me if I did. Waiting. I'd really like to debate your contention that something can spring into existence from nothing. I have real problems with that. E=MC^2, put a zero anywhere you like and the result is zero. So I am interested in hearing how zero turns into something other than zero.
1) Read Genesis. My synopsis is actually closer to what is written there than what you've written in regards to the Standard Model cosmology. 2) If you want to understand how a non-zero mass (or energy) can come into existence, I gave you a reference to vacuum fluctuation. Read it. 3) E=mc
2 is an expectation value of the Klein-Gordon Hamiltonian in the stationary reference frame. More properly E
2 = (pc)
2 + (m
0c
2)
2. In quantum field theory, these are operators, not numbers, and the time/mass formulation need not hold for a massless field. Furthermore, in that formulation the momentum is never zero, and energy is never exactly equal to rest mass (times c
2) alone.
But of course you already knew that.