Posted on 04/16/2009 9:05:38 AM PDT by AreaMan
Don't Sleep, There Are Snakes: Life and Language in the Amazonian Jungle
Daniel L. Everett
Pantheon
The Pirahã are the "Show me!" tribe of the Brazilian Amazon. They don't bother with fiction or tall tales or even oral history. They have little art. They don't have a creation myth and don't want one. If they can't see it, hear it, touch it or taste it, they don't believe in it.
Missionaries have been preaching to the Pirahãs for 200 years and have converted not one. Everett did not know this when he first visited them in 1977 at age 26. A missionary and a linguist, he was sent to learn their language, translate the Bible for them, and ultimately bring them to Christ.
Instead, they brought him to atheism. "The Pirahãs have shown me that there is dignity and deep satisfaction in facing life and death without the comfort of heaven or the fear of hell and in sailing toward the great abyss with a smile."
Not that they have escaped religion entirely. Spirits live everywhere and may even caution or lecture them at times. But these spirits are visible to the Pirahãs, if not to Everett and his family, who spent 30 years, on and off, living with the tribe.
But they don't have marriage or funeral ceremonies. Cohabitation suffices as the wedding announcement and divorce is accomplished just as simply, though there may be more noise involved. Sexual mores are governed by common sense rather than stricture, which means that single people have sex at will while married people are more circumspect.
People are sometimes buried with their possessions, which are few, and larger people are often buried sitting "because this requires less digging." But there is no ritual for each family to follow.
"Perhaps the activity closest to ritual among the Pirahãs is their dancing. Dances bring the village together. They are often marked by promiscuity, fun, laughing, and merriment by the entire village. There are no musical instruments involved, only singing, clapping, and stomping of feet."
Everett's language studies began without benefit of dictionary or primer. None of the Pirahãs spoke any English or more than the most rudimentary Portuguese. (Among their many eccentricities is their total lack of interest in any facet of any other culture including tools or language — not that they won't use tools, like canoes, they just won't make them or absorb them into their culture.)
Amazingly, "Pirahã is not known to be related to any other living human language."
At first it seems rather deprived. There are only 11 phonemes (speech sounds). There are no numbers, no words for colors. No words for please, thank you or sorry. There are, however, tones, whistles and clicks. And the language comes in three forms — regular plus Humming speech and Yelling speech.
Over the years, Everett comes to the conclusion that the Pirahã language reflects and arises from their culture in its directness, immediacy and simplicity. Ultimately he defies Noam Chomsky's theory of Universal Grammar (Pirahã lacks a basic requirement) and starts a firestorm in the linguistics field. Everett alludes mildly to this in the book, but a little Internet browsing will leave readers shocked — shocked! — at the way linguists talk to one another.
There are plenty of anecdotes involving the reader in Everett's adventures, hardships, terrors, epiphanies and the pure strangeness of daily life with a people who live in the immediate present and whose most common "good night" is "Don't sleep, there are snakes." (sound sleep is dangerous and, besides, toughening themselves is a strong cultural value — foodless days are also common).
Fascinating as both anthropological memoir and linguistic study, Everett's book will appeal to those interested in very not-North American cultures and in the ways people shape language and it shapes us.
It's a book that rouses a sense of wonder and gives rise to even more questions than it answers.
Lynn Harnett, of Kittery, Maine, writes book reviews for Seacoast Sunday. She can be reached at lynnharnett@gmail.com.
Here's some of the idiocy:
Instead, they brought him to atheism. "The Pirahãs have shown me that there is dignity and deep satisfaction in facing life and death without the comfort of heaven or the fear of hell and in sailing toward the great abyss with a smile."
Not that they have escaped religion entirely. Spirits live everywhere and may even caution or lecture them at times. But these spirits are visible to the Pirahãs, if not to Everett and his family, who spent 30 years, on and off, living with the tribe.
So, they are a little bit pregnant? WTF?
And then there's this...
...Sexual mores are governed by common sense rather than stricture, which means that single people have sex at will while married people are more circumspect.
Wow...just WOW, because God knows we NEVER see that in ANY other modern or primitive society.
One more:
...the pure strangeness of daily life with a people who live in the immediate present and whose most common "good night" is "Don't sleep, there are snakes." (sound sleep is dangerous and, besides, toughening themselves is a strong cultural value — foodless days are also common).
Hmm...constant lack of sleep and malnourishment...obviously this is a superior culture. There is so much to learn from them.
Drowsy, hungry and fornicating is no way to go through life son.
Arrested development at the adolescent stage.
Sounds like American “Progressives”
So, now that he's not longer a missionary, will he have to change his position?
It isn't? Damm.
I read this book earlier this year, as I am interested in linguistics and foreign travel. The exploration of the language is quite fascinating, and the travel/cultural information is cool in a, “Thank God I live in an American suburb!” kind of way.
However, the author went round the bend and turned into a cuckoo. He just must have been borderline-loopy to start with, in order to go wacky-doodles over the “superiority” of a barely-subsisting group of a couple of hundred people. That takes some severe cognitive disjunction.
Homo heidelbergensis probably lived this way.
Well, not unless you are a college student. Then that is pretty much the way you live for a few years.
I thought this was an article about leftists.
The Pirahãs population numbers about 400.
*sigh* Yeah. The good old days.
Thank God for Top Ramen...
The only the thing lefties are hungry for is more power and more of your money.
Yeah, common sense like, "Well, the gang rape is already over, so we'll just make some disapproving noises and drive on."
toughening themselves is a strong cultural value
Illustrated by their letting women die in childbirth alone if they're not "tough" enough to deliver unassisted.
Sometimes, you know, cultures/tribes disappear *precisely* because they are *inferior* from a basic survival standpoint. This culture is one such, in my opinion.
But fat, drunk and stupid is! I proved it. In college. Then there was the Army and marriage then kids then mortgage and somewhere, the idea, taught from the womb, that there is one greater sunk in. (been Catholic all my life, I just thought, as a young man that it was spelled with a small ‘c’)
These folks don't have ‘the answer’ that the modern folk are looking for. They have survival and no more and can not see beyond that. They need a real missionary - no some new age fluke. (sorry. i am sure he went there meaning well.)
If you’re lucky. :)
So the take-home message is that atheism is for primitives?
Got that.
Based on Google hits, it looks like he used to work with Wycliffe Translators.
I wonder if he got infected with atheism when he went to grad school in linguistics.
Pretty small gene pool.
This is a sad story. Of course the missionary has no ‘evidence’ for his new position, just a personal preference for it. Another case of sloppy feel-goodism combined with a poor foundation in Christian apologetics - assuming he was biblically a believer to begin with, which cannot be taken for granted.
I guess we have found a village/people group that Satan has complete domination over.
Silly American, don't you know all cultures are equal and beautiful?
sorry, I just threw up a little in my mouth as I was writing that...I have to brush now.
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