Posted on 07/09/2006 11:16:25 AM PDT by TomServo
Advocates who say black Americans should be compensated for slavery and its Jim Crow aftermath are quietly chalking up victories and gaining momentum.
Fueled by the work of scholars and lawyers, their campaign has morphed in recent years from a fringe-group rallying cry into sophisticated, mainstream movement. Most recently, a pair of churches apologized for their part in the slave trade, and one is studying ways to repay black church members.
The overall issue is hardly settled, even among black Americans: Some say that focusing on slavery shouldn't be a top priority or that it doesn't make sense to compensate people generations after a historical wrong.
Yet reparations efforts have led a number of cities and states to approve measures that force businesses to publicize their historical ties to slavery. Several reparations court cases are in progress, and international human rights officials are increasingly spotlighting the issue.
"This matter is growing in significance rather than declining," said Charles Ogletree, a Harvard law professor and a leading reparations activist. "It has more vigor and vitality in the 21st century than it's had in the history of the reparations movement."
The most recent victories for reparations advocates came in June, when the Moravian Church and the Episcopal Church both apologized for owning slaves and promised to battle current racism. The Episcopalians also launched a national, yearslong probe into church slavery links and into whether the church should compensate black members. A white church member, Katrina Browne, also screened a documentary focusing on white culpability at the denomination's national assembly.
The Episcopalians debated slavery and reparations for years before reaching an agreement, said Jayne Oasin, social justice officer for the denomination, who will oversee its work on the issue.
Historically, slavery was an uncomfortable topic for the church. Some Episcopal bishops owned slaves - and the Bible was used to justify the practice, Oasin said.
"Why not (take these steps) 100 years ago?" she said. "Let's talk about the complicity of the Episcopal Church as one of the institutions of this country who, of course, benefited from slavery."
Also in June, a North Carolina commission urged the state government to repay the descendants of victims of a violent 1898 campaign by white supremacists to strip blacks of power in Wilmington, N.C. As many as 60 blacks died, and thousands were driven from the city.
The commission also recommended state-funded programs to support local black businesses and home ownership.
The report came weeks after the Organization of American States requested information from the U.S. government about a 1921 race riot in Tulsa, Okla., in which 1,200 homes were burned and as many as 300 blacks killed. An OAS official said the group might pursue the issue as a violation of international human rights.
The modern reparations movement revived an idea that's been around since emancipation, when black leaders argued that newly freed slaves deserved compensation.
About six years ago, the issue started gaining momentum again. Randall Robinson's "The Debt: What America Owes to Blacks," was a best seller; reparations became a central issue at the World Conference on Racism in Durban, South Africa; and California legislators passed the nation's first law forcing insurance companies that do business with the state to disclose their slavery ties. Illinois passed a similar insurance law in 2003, and the next year Iowa legislators began requesting - but not forcing - the same disclosures.
Several cities - including Chicago, Detroit and Oakland - have laws requiring that all businesses make such disclosures.
Reparations opponents insist that no living American should have to pay for a practice that ended more than 140 years ago. Plus, programs such as affirmative action and welfare already have compensated for past injustices, said John H. McWhorter, a senior fellow at the conservative Manhattan Institute.
"The reparations movement is based on a fallacy that cripples the thinking on race - the fallacy that what ails black America is a cash problem," said McWhorter, who is black. "Giving people money will not solve the problems that we have."
Even so, support is reaching beyond African-Americans and the South.
Katrina Browne, the white Episcopalian filmmaker, is finishing a documentary about her ancestors, the DeWolfs of Bristol, R.I., the biggest slave-trading family in U.S. history. She screened it for Episcopal Church officials at the June convention.
"Traces of the Trade: A Story From the Deep North," details how the economies of the Northeast and the nation as a whole depended on slaves.
"A lot of white people think they know everything there is to know about slavery - we all agree it was wrong and that's enough," Browne said. "But this was the foundation of our country, not some Southern anomaly. We all inherit responsibility."
She says neither whites nor blacks will heal from slavery until formal hearings expose the full history of slavery and its effects - an effort similar to South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission after apartheid collapsed.
My family has still never gotten over the scarring that our ancestors endured. I would have been happy if we were just enslaved, but we were also fed to Lions, and as a Christian I think I will need hundreds of thousands of dollars in reparations just to begin the healing process of all the damage that has been done to my psyche......
/sarcasm off
This guy is nuts.
-Yet reparations efforts have led a number of cities and states to approve measures that force businesses to publicize their historical ties to slavery.-
That doesn't make it mainstream - it simply shows the stupidity of cities and states.
This is what passes for honest inquiry and reporting among liberal journalists, and gives us yet another example of why it's insane to believe a word they write.
I say a special tax on illegal aliens and their employers should be used to fund reparations :-)
My ancestors were being persecuted 5,000 miles away in Russia and Poland when slavery was going on here. No one in my family even touched North American shores until 1887. But even if every one of my GGG grandfathers was a slaveholder, I'd be guilty of nothing...and the present-day descendants of the slaves wouldn't have suffered from slavery, so they are entitled to NOTHING.
The day that slavery reparations start, even if it is only a symbolic $0.01 per person, is the day when I will cease to pay any taxes.
The very idea of such reparations is sick, and it is simply a means of using racial guilt to extort money from those who are productive and hard-working. I'll not be a part of it. I reject the validity of the entire concept.
Find me a living person who was a slave in this country, and I'd say that such a person would deserve reparations - and good luck finding such a person.
[[A school administrator once told me that they could not question whatever race the student chose to categorize themself. This is THE solution!!! Spread the word.]]
Great idea. If your last name is Italian you can pass as a Hispanic. Time to start checking the "Latino" box and dare somebody to prove otherwise.
Wow. A commission. It sounds so official.
I've said for years that if the GOP would make this a campaign issue, it would force the Dems to either alienate their black voter base or never get another white vote again.
Any comments anyone? I'm very serious about this.
Didn;t Johhny Cash sing a song about a "Boy name Sioux?"
I've been "other" for many years.
To pay someone simply because they are of a race, "assuming" they have an ancestor that was wronged, when it is somewhat possible it was their ancestor wronging others, goes beyond ridiculous.
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The whole question is moot, we have recently been assured that there is no such thing as "race".
Jeez..come on..that is so unfair..I mean..slavery was around for hundreds of years..what if they were alive before 1860..jeez..
This truly insane notion should be belittled, mocked, castigated, scorned, and spurned.
It should be buried, stake through the heart, in the dead of night, never to rise again.
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Somehow I get the impression that you might be against it.
I'll believe that when one politician in one competitive election comes out in favor of reparations.
The issue is instant electoral death to any politician not in a protected all-black Congressional seat, and everyone knows it.
As a part Sioux Indian, I would like to ask all black people to move to the back of the reparations line.
Then they had better collect from Anthony Johnsons descendants. You see, Tony Johnson was a black man and was amoungst the first in this country to OWN a African Slave. He even won a court case where a white man tried to take away his BLACK slave.
Search Anthony Johnson of Jamestown and see for yourself.
Then the question of white slaves comes..thats right! White slave and not servants. In 1660 (or thereabouts) there were over 5 thousand WHITE slaves waiting to be sold on the Island of Barbados. You see in the UK they decided to clean out the debtor prisons and vagabonds off the streets. So these where given up for slavery. After the "45" and the Scots lost at Culloden, there were many clansmen who were caught and sold to the southern plantation owners as slaves. There is a diference between a Freeman and Freemen..search the historical documents to see for yourself and its not that one is plural either.
The Blacks have nothing to whine about...especially since Black slaves were treated as private property and generally well taken care of. The white slaves on the other hand were veiwed as vermin and less than human.
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