Peru to Sue Yale to Regain Artifacts

LIMA, Peru Peru is preparing a lawsuit against Yale University to retrieve artifacts taken nearly a century ago from the Inca citadel of Machu Picchu, a government official said Wednesday.

Peru has held discussions in recent years with Yale seeking the return of nearly 5,000 artifacts, including ceramics and human bones that explorer Hiram Bingham dug up during three expeditions to Machu Picchu in 1911, 1912 and 1914.

"Yale considers the collection university property, given the amount of time it has been there," said Luis Guillermo Lumbreras, chief of Peru's National Institute of Culture, in an interview with The Associated Press.

"This is something we do not recognize because the pieces were legally granted in a temporary loan. That is the reason it will be necessary to air this in the courts and no longer simply on the level of diplomatic conversations."

Peru's Foreign Ministry was preparing the legal case and would likely present it in Connecticut state court, Lumbreras said. He said it was not clear when the lawsuit would be filed.

Richard Burger, chairman and director of graduate studies at Yale's Council on Archaeological Studies, did not immediately return telephone messages seeking comment.

Lumbreras said former President Augusto B. Leguia gave Bingham "permission to temporarily export the objects for scientific ends," with the agreement that the artifacts would be returned after one year. That later was extended by 18 months.

"Theoretically, they should have been returned after Jan. 27, 1916," Lumbreras said. "The fact is, they weren't returned."

For decades, Peru did not pursue the matter, he said.

"It stayed that way for nearly 100 years," Lumbreras said. "The 100th anniversary of the scientific anniversary of Machu Picchu is coming. We believe it is time to return the collection."

David Bingham, grandson of Hiram Bingham, said he never heard of any promise to return the artifacts and said Yale has been a good caretaker.

"Yale has taken very good care of the stuff and it probably brought more visitors to Peru than almost any other thing because the exhibits at Yale are so famous," he said.

But Bingham said there's no reason Yale and Peru shouldn't be able compromise, assuming the country can guarantee the preservation of the artifacts. He said there are enough artifacts to create displays in both places.

"There's enough interest where you could have a permanent exhibit in Peru, on loan from Yale, but there would be somebody who would be responsible for it," he said. "It seems to me there's certainly a place for that to happen. But it would be a disaster if a lot of stuff got shipped down there and wasn't properly cared for."

The Incas ruled Peru from the 1430s until the arrival of the Spaniards in 1532, constructing incredible stone-block cities and roads and developing a highly organized society that extended from modern-day Colombia to Chile.

The reconstructed ruins at Machu Picchu, located on a craggy mountaintop above a lush valley about 310 miles southeast of Lima, are Peru's top tourist attraction.

Bingham, the first foreigner to reach Machu Picchu, had multiple theories about Machu Picchu: that it was perhaps a religious estate inhabited mostly by women, a last Inca stronghold abandoned as the Spanish invaded or the Incas' city of origin.

Experts now say Bingham was wrong on all counts. Machu Picchu was, in fact, a summer estate for royalty, a sort of Camp David for the Inca ruler Pachacuti, Yale's Burger told AP in 2003. About 600 people, mostly royalty and their servants, are believed to have lived there during the summer.

After his explorations, Bingham turned to politics. He served one day as Connecticut governor in 1925 before resigning to take a seat in Congress.

Sure took the Peru-vians a long time to complain.

So complaints have a statute of limitations?

But in this day where all things 3rd world are good and romanticized they get more traction.

Ah, so actually accepting that 3rd world nations have rights of sovereignty as the rest of the world is romanticizing things? Why can't they be good little vassal states like they should be!! That about it?

Can you imagine how chaotic Peru was when Yale spent money and effort to recover these treasures?

That doesn't change the issue that those treasures belong to the Peruvian government and their citizenry does it? What have Egypt and other older civilizations done to recover their artifacts. Should Peru not have the same right to do the same thing?

They would have just sat there if these "evil Anglo white men" had not mounted their expeditions.

I don't care if the researchers were black, green, purple, or yellow. It doesn't change the issue that these independent researchers violated the sovereignty of Peru. However I'm beginning to believe to some the color of the researchers, along with nationalistic tripe, is of a concern.

This is just the latest iteration of the centuries old Anglo-Spain conflict

No, this is the latest iteration of another nation state, and its citizenry apparently, believing that it has a greater right to sovereignty than another nation state.

So by dennisw's argument, a researcher can enter our borders, root around in the mud, find perhaps one of the greatest discoveries known to man (who knows?), take it home to his nation's museum without as much as a by your leave, and we would have no recourse. Well that is I suppose as long as he was an 'evil Anglo white man' and not of Spanish ancestry? And our researchers, have the right to go root around in other people's mud (third world nations only please), take what they want, and just because it's our researchers they can bring it back to our museums with no recourse for the nation it came from.

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